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- The Short-Run Aggregate Supply Curve (AS) is given by: y=20pAnd the Short-Run Aggregate Demand Curve (AD) is given by: y=25,000−20p Suppose instead that the Central Bank wanted to take action to keep the price-level completely stable. This would entail keeping it constant at its current rate. Suppose also that the Central Bank targets the interest rate directly. Suppose also that: • The Marginal Propensity to Spend is 0.75. • Every 1% increase in the interest rate leads to a decrease in Autonomous Consumption of 250 and a decrease in Autonomous Investment of 250. How much would the Central Bank need to change the current interest rate in order to keep the price level from changing through the medium-term as this output gap closes in the economy?[S1] Treasury bond buybacks may indicatethat there is a relaxed monetary policy. Abusiness entity would most likely expecthigher aggregate demand and higherinflation. [S2] Green policies against the useof plastic will be,implemented. All entities willbe negativelyaffected by this. A. Only S1 is true.B. Only S2 is true.C. Both are true.D. Both are false.Suppose two countries have identical aggregate demandcurves and potential levels of output, and g is the samein both countries. Assume that in 2019, both countriesare hit with the same negative supply shock. Given thetable of values below for inflation in each country, whatcan you say, if anything, about the credibility of eachcountry’s central bank? Explain your answer.Country A Country B2018 3.0% 3.0%2019 3.8% 5.5%2020 3.5% 5.0%2021 3.2% 4.3%2022 3.0% 3.8%
- Explain the IS LM model for reduced policy rate in goods and services market and finincal marketConsider the following numerical example of the IS-LM model: C = 200 + 0.25YD I = 150 + 0.25Y - 1000i G = 250 T = 200 i = .05 (i has a bar over it) a. Derive the IS relation. (Hint: You want an equation with Y on the left side and everything else on the right.) b. The central bank sets an interest rate of 5%. How is that decision represented in the equations? c. What is the level of real money supply when the interest rate is 5%? Use the expression:(M>P) = 2Y - 8000i d. Solve for the equilibrium values of C and I, and verify the value you obtained for Y by adding C, I, and G. e. Now suppose that the central bank cuts the interest rate to 3%. How does this change the LM curve? Solve for Y, I, and C, and describe in words the effects of an expansion-ary monetary policy. What is the new equilibrium value of M/P supply? f. Return to the initial situation in which the interest rate set by the central bank is 5%. Now suppose that government spending increases to G = 400. Summarize the…12.In the RBC model, assume you observe an initial economic growth rate of 10%, and an initialinflation rate of 2%. Further assume that the equilibrium unemployment rate in the economy is 2.3%.Following a permanent, positive aggregate demand shock, which of the following are potential long-rununemployment rates in this economy? a.12% b.6% c.8.3% d.2.3% e.all of the above
- Consider the following numerical example of the IS-LM model: C = 200 + 0.25YD I = 150 + 0.25Y - 1000iG = 250 T = 200 i = .05 a. Derive the IS relation. (Hint: You want an equation with Y on the left side and everything else on the right.) b. The central bank sets an interest rate of 5%. How is that decision represented in the equations? c. What is the level of real money supply when the interest rate is 5%? Use the expression:(M>P) = 2Y - 8000i d. Solve for the equilibrium values of C and I, and verify the value you obtained for Y by adding C, I, and G. e. Now suppose that the central bank cuts the interest rate to 3%. How does this change the LM curve? Solve for Y, I, and C, and describe in words the effects of an expansion-ary monetary policy. What is the new equilibrium value of M/P supply? f. Return to the initial situation in which the interest rate set by the central bank is 5%. Now suppose that government spending increases to G = 400. Summarize the effects of an expansionary…1. Assume that a country’s economy is in a short-run equilibrium and the actual unemployment rate is lower thanthe natural rate of unemployment.(a) Using a correctly labeled graph of the long-run aggregate supply curve, short-run aggregate supply curve,and aggregate demand curve, show each of the following.(i) Current price level, labeled PL1, and current output level, labeled (b) What open-market operation can the country’s central bank use to move the economy toward its long-runequilibrium?(c) Use a correctly labeled money-market graph to show how the country’s central bank action to move theeconomy toward its long-run equilibrium affects the equilibrium nominal interest rate in the short run.(d) Based on the interest rate change from part (c), will each of the following increase, decrease, or remain thesame in the short run?(i) Real output. Explain.(e) Assume instead that the central bank does not pursue the monetary policy action from part (b) and there wasno other government…Assume the following IS-LM model: expenditure sector: money sector: AD = C + I + G + NX I = 300 - 20i M = 700 C = 100 + (4/5)YD G = 120 P = 2 YD = Y - TA NX = -20 md = (1/3)Y + 200 - 10i TA = (1/4)Y By how much will the equilibrium level of income (Y) and the interest rate (i) change, if the Fed responds to an increase in government purchases of 160 by increasing nominal money supply to M' = 1,100?
- In the full SR model, IS-LM, we know that if to falls, cet. par., then the real Money Supply will increase. True, False, Uncertain? Explain. Show graphs in i-Y space and i-M/P spaces.Consider the following short-run IS-LM model. Assume the central bank targets the nominal interest rate and expected inflation is zero. C = 300 + .50YD I = 1000 + .10Y – 5000i G = 700 T = 600 M/P = 100 + .25Y - 6250i P = 1 i = .06 Y-T = YD Solve for the IS equation and the LM equation. Find the equilibrium and also show it on a graph of IS-LM. Find the equilibrium values for C, I, and the money supply M. Consider a fiscal stimulus: what is the impact on Y if G rises by 100? What is the impact on I in this case? What is the impact on the interest rate and the money supply? Return to your original analysis. Consider a monetary stimulus where the central bank sets a new target interest rate, i = .04. Find the new equilibrium values for Y, C, and I. Find and discuss any change in the money supply. What causes the change in I in this case? Explain.Suppose the economy begins at full employment. Label this starting point as point "1." Then, suppose that, due to increased instability in the financial markets, a decrease in investor and consumer confidence occurs. Show the effects on your graph and label the new equilibrium point "2." Lastly, suppose the Federal Reserve wants the economy to return to full-employment as quickly as possible. Should the Fed intervene? If so, show the impact of successful monetary policy on your graph. Label this new equilibrium point "3."