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- Consider the following oligopolistic market. In the first stage, Firm 1 chooses quantity q₁. Firms 2 and 3 observe Firm 1's choice, and then proceed to simultaneously choose q2 and 93, respectively. Market demand is given by p(Q) = 100 – Q, and Q = 9₁ +9₂ +93. Firm 1's costs are c₁ (9₁) = 1q₁, firm 2's costs are c₂(9₂) = 6q2 and firm 3's costs are C3(93) = 693. Starting from the end of the game, you can express Firm 2's best response function in terms of 9₁ and 93, and you can similarly express Firm 3's best response function in terms of q₁ and q₂. Using these, answer the following questions. a) If Firm 1 chooses q₁ = 9, what quantity will Firm 2 choose? b) If Firm 1 chooses q₁ = 100, what quantity will Firm 2 choose? c) In the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium of this game, firm 1 produces what quantity? d) In the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium of this game, firm 2 and firm 3 each produce what quantity?Three oligopolistic firms ("1", "2" and "3") conduct quantity competition in a certain market. The interactions between them take place as follows: firm 1 defines its production quantity, which is immediately observed by firms 2 and 3; then, firm 2 makes its decision on how much it will produce, and only after observing the decisions of firms 1 and 2 does firm 3 finally make its respective choice. Furthermore, the total costs of firms 1, 2 and 3 correspond respectively to c₁(q₁) = 10q₁, c₂(q₂) = 8q₂ and c₃(q₃) = 2q₃, and the firms face a (inverse) demand given by p(Q) = 110 - Q (where Q = q₁ + q₂ + q₃). Based on this information, determine what will be the total amount produced by the firms in the (single) ENPS for that game. (Note: the correct answer is an integer.)consider a market with inverse demand P(Q) = 10 − Q and two firms with cost curves C1(q1) = 2q1 and C2(q2) = 2q2 (that is, they have the same marginal costs and no fixed costs). They compete by choosing quantities. Now consider a modified game, which goes as follows: First, Firm 1 decides whether to enter the market or not. As in the previous question, there is no fixed cost, even if the firm decides to enter. Next, Firm 2 observes Firm 1’s entry choice and decides whether to enter or not.Firm 2 has no fixed cost as well. If no firm enters, the game ends. If only one firm enters, that firm chooses quantity, operating as a monopolist. If both firms enter, then Firm 1 chooses quantity q1. Then, Firm 2 observes Firm 1’s choice of q1 and then chooses q2 (like in the previous question). If a firm does not enter, it gets a payoff of zero. Which of the following statements is consistent with the SPNE of this game? Hint: you don’t need complicated math to solve this problem.(a) Neither firm…
- Three electricity generating firms are competing in the market with the inverse demand given by P(Q) = 20 – Q. All firms have constant marginal costs. Firm 1’s marginal cost is MC = 5; it has a capacity constraint of K1 = 5 units. Firm 2’s marginal cost is MC = 8; it has a capacity constraint of K2 = 2.5 units. Firm 3’s marginal cost is MC = 10; it has a capacity constraint of K3 = 2.5 units. A. The three firms compete in the style of Cournot. Please compute the Nash equilibrium quantities. Also compute the price in the Nash equilibrium. B. Which of these firms would have produced a larger quantity if it had a larger capacity?Two identical firms currently serve a market. Each has a cost function of C(q) = 30q. Market demand is P(Q) = 80 − 0.01Q. The firms compete by setting prices simultaneously as in Bertrand competition. Let PB represent the equilibrium Bertrand duopoly price.The firms have proposed to merge, and they announce that this merger will result in considerable cost savings. The firms’ new cost function will have the form Cm(q) = cq + 100, 000. Note that the merged firm has positive fixed costs while the unmerged firms do not. (a) What is the merged firm’s profit-maximizing price if the merger is approved? Is it possible for the cost savings (via c < PB) to be sufficiently large for the merged firms’ profit-maximizing price to be below the duopoly equilibrium price? (b) Suppose that the Department of Justice permits the merger with the requirement that the new (post-merger) price must be no greater than the pre-merger price. Under what circumstances are the firms willing to go through with…Two firms are engaged in duopoly competition in a market with demand Q = 120 - p and zero costs. The reaction function for firm i given firm j's output q i = 60 - 1 2 q j . What is the payoff to firm i if the two firms engaged in collusion to maintain monopoly output and prices. Assume that each firm gets half the monopoly profit.
- Kafue Water and Sewerage Company and Lusaka Water and Sewerage Company are duopolistic firms operating under the Cournot model. The two companies are both supplying Water to Chilanga District whose total demand is given by a linear demand function Q = 720 – 2P = 3q1 + 3q2, where q1 represents water output by Kafue Water, and q2 is water output by Lusaka Water and Sewerage Company. Assume that: Each firm has no production costs Each firm has to decide how much water to supply to the market Given the above information, determine The profit-maximizing output, price, and level of profit for the two companies. The individual level of outputs q1 and q2, as well as the revenue for which the two companies are maximizing profits. Interpret your results in (i) and (ii)Consider a market that is a Bertrand oligopoly with 5 firms in the market. Each of these firms produce an identical product and each have the same cost function of C(Q) = 80Q. The inverse market demand for this product is P = 2480 – 2Q. How much does EACH firm produce at the equilibrium price?Suppose that two duopolists (firm A and Firm B) produce identical products. The firms face the following market demand curve P=1250-Q Where Q = Total output in the duopoly market Qa= Firm A’s output Qb = Firm B’s output P = Price in the duopoly market Firm A and Firm B make output decisions sequentially. Firm A is the leading firm that makes the first move, and firm B is the following firm. Firm A rationally anticipates the output reaction of Firm B, as Firm A has the prior knowledge of Firm B’s output-reaction curve, which is Qb = 600-0.5Qa It is assumed that firm B always acts in the same manner. Both firms have constant marginal costs (MC) of production where MCa=MCb=$50. Fixed Costs are nil because expenses have already been fully amortised In this duopoly market, equilibrium level of output is __________, and equilibrium level of price is ___________