A particle has γ=18,399.  a) Calculate c-v in m/s.  (I would have asked for 1 - v/c, making the answer dimensionless, but the system doesn't seem to take numbers that small.  Gamma is chosen to make the particle extremely close to the speed of light.) If your calculator gives problems, you might want to solve the appropriate equation for c-v or c(1 - v/c) and use an approximation. b) In a race to the moon, by 3/4ths the distance, light is one or ten meters ahead of the particle.  We routinely approximate mass as zero, gamma as infinite, and speed as the speed of light.  ("Massless particles" -- gamma and m have to be eliminated from the expressions.  Light is a true massless particle.) If a massless particle has momentum 1,739 MeV/c, calculate its energy in MeV.

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Proper Length

The theory of special relativity explains the connection between space and time to objects that move in a straight line at a constant speed. The objects move at the speed of light. When an object approaches light speed, its mass is endless and cannot move faster than light. The most crucial postulate of Einstein's special relativity is that the laws of nature do not change in each frame of reference.