A person’s vision may beimproved significantly by having the cornea reshaped with a laserbeam, in a procedure known as photorefractive keratectomy. Theexcimer laser used in these treatments produces ultraviolet lightwith a wavelength of 193 nm. (a) What is the difference in energybetween the two levels that participate in stimulated emissionin the excimer laser? (b) How many photons from this laser arerequired to deliver an energy of 1.58 * 10-13 J to the cornea?
Atomic Spectra
According to the Bohr model of an atom, the electron in an atom moves around a nucleus in fixed orbits with specific energies known as energy levels. The orbital energies are quantized. The electrons remain in these energy levels until they emit or absorb a photon of a particular wavelength, the quantum of energy. If the electron emits a photon, it then falls back to a lower energy level, and if it absorbs a photon, the electron rises to higher energy levels. The photons released or absorbed in these transitions of an electron are studied and analyzed on a screen as atomic spectra.
Ruby Lasers
Lasers are devices that emit light using atoms or molecules at a certain wavelength and amplify the light to produce a narrow beam of radiation. It works as per the principle of electromagnetic radiation. Their source of emission contains the same frequency and same phase. It was invented in the year 1960 by the great noble scientist, Theodore Maiman.
Balmer Series
The spectrum of frequency observed when electromagnetic radiation is emitted from an atom when it goes from higher energy state to lower state, is known as emission spectrum. This transition occurs when an excited electron moves from higher to lower state. It has many possible electron transitions and each transition has a specific energy difference.
Emission Spectrum
Every state of matter tries to be at minimum potential energy or it can be said that the atoms of element/ substance arrange themselves such that overall energy is minimum.
A person’s vision may be
improved significantly by having the cornea reshaped with a laser
beam, in a procedure known as photorefractive keratectomy. The
excimer laser used in these treatments produces ultraviolet light
with a wavelength of 193 nm. (a) What is the difference in energy
between the two levels that participate in stimulated emission
in the excimer laser? (b) How many photons from this laser are
required to deliver an energy of 1.58 * 10-13 J to the cornea?
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