A poll was taken of 13,361 working adults aged 40-70 to determine their level of education. The participants were classified by sex and by level of education. The results are shown below. Education Level High School or Less Bachelor's Degree Master's Degree Ph.D. Total Male Female Total 2283 2957 5240 3787 3403 7190 435 361 796 65 70 135 6570 6791 13,361 A person is selected at random. Compute the following probabilities. (a) What is the probability that the selected person is male, given that he has a Master's degree? (b) What is the probability that the selected person does not have a Master's degree, given that he is male? (c) What is the probability that the selected person is female, given that she has a Bachelor's degree? (d) What is the probability that the selected person has a Ph.D., given that she is female?

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Estimation

A new framework of data analysis where the new statistical methods are used for interpreting the results and analyzing the data is known as estimation in statistics.