A researcher is concerned about the level of knowledge possessed by university students regarding United States history. Students completed a high school senior level standardized U.S. history exam. Major for students was also recorded. Data in terms of percent correct is recorded below for 32 students. Compute the appropriate test for the data provided below. Education Business/Management Behavioral/Social Science Fine Arts 62 72 42 80 81 49 52 57 75 63 31 87 58 68 80 64 67 39 22 28 48 79 71 29 26 40 68 62 36 15 76 45 Source SS df MS F Between 63.25 3 21.0833333333 .04 Within 12298.25 28 439.2232143 Total 12361.5 31 With StatCrunch: STAT: ANOVA: One-way What is your computed answer? F = .04 (3,28), not significant What would be the null hypothesis in this study? There will be no difference in history test scores between students with different academic major. What would be the alternate hypothesis? There will be a difference somewhere in history scores between the four groups with different academic major. What probability level did you choose and why? p = .05 What were your degrees of freedom? 3, 28 (Why? See the bottom of page 413. d.f. between = k minus one ( 4-1 = 3). d.f. within = n minus k, 32-4 = 28.) Is there a significant difference between the four testing conditions? Look at the large p value and the small F value: not significant No significant differences were found between the four groups in terms of performance on a U.S. history exam. Interpret your answer. Students regardless of academic major performed equally (in this case poorly) on a high school senior standardized U.S. history exam. If you have made an error, would it be a Type I or a Type II error? Explain your answer. If I have made an error, it would be a Type II error. This error would essentially be: There really is a difference in history knowledge between academic major but somehow I failed to demonstrate that with this study. this has been posted before, can you repost it please?
Continuous Probability Distributions
Probability distributions are of two types, which are continuous probability distributions and discrete probability distributions. A continuous probability distribution contains an infinite number of values. For example, if time is infinite: you could count from 0 to a trillion seconds, billion seconds, so on indefinitely. A discrete probability distribution consists of only a countable set of possible values.
Normal Distribution
Suppose we had to design a bathroom weighing scale, how would we decide what should be the range of the weighing machine? Would we take the highest recorded human weight in history and use that as the upper limit for our weighing scale? This may not be a great idea as the sensitivity of the scale would get reduced if the range is too large. At the same time, if we keep the upper limit too low, it may not be usable for a large percentage of the population!
A researcher is concerned about the level of knowledge possessed by university students regarding United States history. Students completed a high school senior level standardized U.S. history exam. Major for students was also recorded. Data in terms of percent correct is recorded below for 32 students. Compute the appropriate test for the data provided below.
|
Education |
Business/Management |
Behavioral/Social Science |
Fine Arts |
|
62 |
72 |
42 |
80 |
|
81 |
49 |
52 |
57 |
|
75 |
63 |
31 |
87 |
|
58 |
68 |
80 |
64 |
|
67 |
39 |
22 |
28 |
|
48 |
79 |
71 |
29 |
|
26 |
40 |
68 |
62 |
|
36 |
15 |
76 |
45 |
|
Source |
SS |
df |
MS |
F |
|
Between |
63.25 |
3 |
21.0833333333 |
.04 |
|
Within |
12298.25 |
28 |
439.2232143 |
|
|
Total |
12361.5 |
31 |
|
|
With StatCrunch: STAT: ANOVA: One-way
- What is your computed answer? F = .04 (3,28), not significant
- What would be the null hypothesis in this study? There will be no difference in history test scores between students with different academic major.
- What would be the alternate hypothesis? There will be a difference somewhere in history scores between the four groups with different academic major.
- What probability level did you choose and why? p = .05
- What were your degrees of freedom? 3, 28 (Why? See the bottom of page 413. d.f. between = k minus one ( 4-1 = 3). d.f. within = n minus k, 32-4 = 28.)
- Is there a significant difference between the four testing conditions?
Look at the large p value and the small F value: not significant
No significant differences were found between the four groups in terms of performance on a U.S. history exam.
- Interpret your answer. Students regardless of academic major performed equally (in this case poorly) on a high school senior standardized U.S. history exam.
- If you have made an error, would it be a Type I or a Type II error? Explain your answer. If I have made an error, it would be a Type II error. This error would essentially be: There really is a difference in history knowledge between academic major but somehow I failed to demonstrate that with this study.
this has been posted before, can you repost it please?
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