(a) Sample preparation has been regarded as the main bottleneck in the development of sensitive, selective, and reliable analytical methods, especially for the analysis of trace components in complex matrices. Discuss appropriate sample preparation procedures in solving the problems related to the analysis of trace components.
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- Explain the process of isolation and characterization of Enalapril in tablets for the commercial drug vasotec, by way of extraction of the solid phase and spectroscopy of infrared..Explain the electrical double layer concept by drawing the schematic represantation of it.CIE standardized instruments of the geometry of 45。 / 0。and d/8。are widely applied for colour analysis of food samples. (a.) With the aid of diagrams, explain how the measurement is achieved using these two geometries. (b.) Which of the geometries is more preferred in a colour analysis of food samples? Explain your answer briefly.
- Discuss the syn-anti isomerization of azobenzene in terms of thin-layer chromatography, and discuss the relation between Rf and the polarity of the isomers.Explain how to obtain larger particles based on the relative supersaturationWhat is Chemical form and structure of phenazopyrdine? And common salts? specify the ionisable group? and the group thatimpart its physiochemical property?
- Discuss the origins of the local, neighbouring group, and solvent contributions to the shielding constant.Define mass spectroscopy and the underlying principle/background of its method for characterizing samples.1. What is the significance of Rf values?2. What is the basis for the separation of components of mixtures by paperchromatography?3. Give 3 important applications of chromatography.4. Define or describe each of the following terms: - Chromatography- Development- Solvent front- Stationary phase - Chromatogram- Adsorbent- Mobile phase- Rf
- Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS) method is selected due to its wide applicability for metal ion analysis in drinking water samples. Discuss how can we determine the concentration of selected heavy metals (Cu and Cr) in the unknown tap water sample.Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS) method is selected due to its wide applicability for metal ion analysis in drinking water samples. Provide appropriate discussion to determine the concentration of selected heavy metals (Cu and Cr) in the unknown tap water sample.A dual beam UV-visible spectroscopy was used to determine the levels of Fe(II) in the run-off water of a local mine using the ferrozine assay (i) During a check of the instrument a step-like feature at 360 nm was observed in spectrum of the standard. Suggest what may give rise to this with reference to the instrument configuration and comment on how it may be remedied. (ii) The molar absorptivity of the [Fe(Ferrozine)3]2+ complex is 27900 cm−1 M−1 at 562 nm in aqueous solution (pH 5.5). If the EU maximum contaminant level for Fe is 200 ug /L and the contract required detection limit is 100 ug/L, comment on the suitability of the assay for the detection of iron. (iii) Determine the sample range, in terms of concentration and ppm, of Fe(II) that can be confidently analysed by UV-visible spectroscopy using a 1 cm cuvette. Explain with reference to an appropriate equation and solution phenomena, the origin of the limitations that define this range