A scientist notices that a cancer cell line fails to die when he adds an inducer of apoptosis to his culture of cells. Which hypothesis could explain why the cells fail to die? a. The cells have a mutation that prevents the initiation of apoptosis signaling. b. The cells have lost expression of the receptor for the apoptosis-inducing ligand. c. The cells overexpress a growth factor pathway that inhibits apoptosis. d. All of the above.

A scientist notices that a cancer cell line fails to die when he adds an inducer of apoptosis to his culture of cells. Which hypothesis could explain why the cells fail to die? a. The cells have a mutation that prevents the initiation of apoptosis signaling. b. The cells have lost expression of the receptor for the apoptosis-inducing ligand. c. The cells overexpress a growth factor pathway that inhibits apoptosis. d. All of the above.

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter12: Genes And Cancer

Section12.10: Genomics, Epigenetics,and Cancer

Problem 2GR: Another model, the random model, proposes that any cell in a malignant tumor has the potential to...

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Some types of cancers are treated with surgery, chemotherapy, stem cell replacement or radiation, similar to ultraviolet light. Why might it be beneficial to irradiate cancer cells? Choose the Best answer. A. it kills off all the cancer cells. B. it forces all cancer cells into G0 C. it will halt cell division and possibly be forced into apoptosis D. it could kill off the cancer cells, halt cell division or possibly force the cell into apoptosis
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Which of the following best describes a gene that codes for a tumor-suppressor protein? a. One that helps to prevent progression through the cell cycle. b. One that helps prevent apoptosis. c. One that codes for a DNA repair enzyme. d. One that supports part of a growth factor signaling pathway.
What is the role of executioner proteins in apoptosis?a. They kill the cell by destroying its proteins.b. They function as the “death receptors” on the surface of the cell.c. They are part of the immune response that eliminates the cells.d. They cause the cell to swell and burst.
A mutation in p53 promoter that prevents p53 from being expresses Causes? Why? A. Increased proliferation B. Decreased proliferation
How do Cyclins work? a. They are kinases that phosphorylate key proteins at different points in the cell cycle. b. They are transcription factors that regulate the transcription of genes required at different stages of the cell cycle. c. They stop progression of cells through the cell cycle. d. They bind and activate kinases related to progress through the cell cycle.
Certain cells inhibit cell division by expressing signaling molecules on their surfaces. These molecules are MOST likely involved in which of these processes? A. Anchorage dependence B. Apoptosis C. Density- dependent Inhibition D. transformation
P53 is a tumor suppressor protein. The protein is present in the cell at all times but is activated by protein kinases that are, in turned activated by DNA damage. What would be the result of a mutation of the P 53 gene in cell that resulted in a form of P53 that was permanently active? Group of answer choices A. the cell cycle would be inhibited in all cells in a tumor if it forms B. the cell cycle would be inhibited C. the cell would form a tumor D. the cell has a higher probability of forming a tumor E. the cell cycle of all cells in the body would be inhibited
Explain the theory behind how a normal cell turns into a malignant tumor cell and forms metastases.
Which could lead to uncontrolled growth in cancer? A. A nonfunctional E2F protein B. The overexpression of MPF activity C. A nonfunctional Rb protein D. The overexpression of G1 cyclin