Which of the following best describes a gene that codes for a tumor-suppressor protein? a. One that helps to prevent progression through the cell cycle. b. One that helps prevent apoptosis. c. One that codes for a DNA repair enzyme. d. One that supports part of a growth factor signaling pathway.

Q: A. Suppose that you are trying to investigate the impact of X-ray on the genes which are responsible…

A: A mutation is the change in an organism's DNA. It causes changes in physical appearance, behavior,…

Q: Which of the following is the best example of a tumor promoter? A chemical that allows cells to…

A: Answer : Option B- a chemical that activates mTOR.  Tumour promotors are agents or chemicals that…

Q: Define tumor-suppressor genes. Why is a mutated single copy of a tumor-suppressor gene expected to…

A: The repeated and uncontrollable division of cells forms a large mass called the tumor. Tumors might…

Q: The p53 gene was discovered in 1979, but it was not clear whether the gene functioned as an oncogene…

A: An oncogene is a type of gene that is responsible for causing the cells to divide uncontrollably and…

Q: Which of the following statements about tumor suppressor genes is FALSE? a) Inactivation of tumor…

A: False statement about tumor suppressor genes.

Q: ___________ are changes to the order of nucleotides in a segment of DNA that codes for a protein. a.…

A: Nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids. RNA and DNA are long chains of nucleotides.…

Q: These genes are involved in normal cell growth and division, but if mutated, could become more…

A: Oncogenes are tumour-causing genes. They are mutated and abnormal that leading to uncontrolled cell…

Q: Put a checkmark next to any of the following scenarios that would make it MORE likely that a cell…

A: Need to find all the options that produce uncontrollable cell division  and to increase chance of…

Q: What is the difference between an oncogene and a tumor-suppressor gene? Give some examples of the…

A: Cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell survival are under the control of some critical…

Q: You found a protein called X in colon cancer patients that is over-expressed and is associated with…

A: Metastasis is the process by which cancer cells spread from the primary tumor site to other parts of…

Q: Characterize the differences between tumor cells and normal cells in terms of the following…

A: A. The normal cell shows contact inhibition that means when two cells get contact then the growth…

Q: Cancer causing genes are called ________. a. transformation genes b. tumor suppressor genes c.…

A: Cancer is a fast growing chronic disorder nowadays. It is caused due to lack of or absence of…

Q: P53 is a tumor suppressors protein.   The protein is present in the cell at all times but is…

A: Answer) E It would spread to all parts of the body. p53 gene act as a tumor suppressor gene and get…

Q: Tumor Suppressor Genes are often called as gatekeepers because: a. They signify their involvement…

A: The correct option is a i.e.They signify their involvement in governing the dynamics of cell…

Q: The term differentiation refers to (a) the loss of genes from cells. (b) the acquisition of new…

A: Developmental biology is the branch of biology in which the development of the organisms from the…

Q: Define tumor-suppressor genes. Why is a mutation in a single copy of a tumor-suppressor gene…

A: Tumor-supressor genes: Tumor-suppressor genes is defined as normal genes that will slow down the…

Q: Which of the following is not a tumor suppressor gene? a.RET b.RB c.BRCA1 d.BRCA2

A: A normal cell undergoes regulated division, differentiation, and apoptosis (programmed cell death).…

Q: Describe how Ras and p53 can alter the simplified genetic pathway controlling cell division shown…

A: There are two general types of genes that play a fundamental role in cancer induction:…

Q: Discuss the interplay between genetics and environment in the development of cancer (it would be…

A: Research on several diseases have found that the cause of diseases are not only environmental or…

Q: Why would the failure of the p53 tumor supressor gene be more likely to cause cancer in a seventy…

A: Tumor protein p53, which plays a crucial role in the cellular response to DNA damage, is one of the…

Q: Normal (nonmutant) tumor-suppressor genes often functiona. as negative regulators of cell…

A: Cancer is defined as the biological disorder in which the cells undergo uncontrolled growth and cell…

Q: Much remains unknown about the rapid, uncontrolled growth, or what causes a tumor to metastasize.…

A: Cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and destroy body tissue. A…

Q: In some cancer cells, a specific gene has been duplicated many times. Is this gene likely to be an…

A: Cancer is an uncontrolled division of cell that has a defunct apoptosis mechanism. Usually, when…

Q: Why is it easier to manipulate embryonic stem cells to differentiate into various tissues than it is…

A: Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent  stem cells, meaning they can divide into more stem cells or…

Q: Why would a mutation in BRCA1 be considered a driver mutation?  b. Based on what you’ve learned…

A: In this question, we  have to answer 'BRCA gene consider as driver mutation and ATM consider as a…

Q: Select the statements that accurately describe different ways that translocations could lead to…

A: Answer-  (A) A translocation breaks up the sequence of a gene for a protein that stimulates…

Q: Which of the following statements about cancer is false? (a) oncogenes arise from mutations in…

A: Proto Oncogenes are the genes that cause cancer when there are alterations in them. Several factors…

Q: Do more mutations necessarily mean that more cancer-causing genes are faulty? Why or why not?

A: Biotechnology is a wide range of studies where it uses its techniques with biological systems to…

Q: BRCA1 is a gene that codes for a tumor suppressor protein.  If a person inherits a mutation in…

A: A mutation is a change in the nucleotide sequence. Certain mutations does not cause a change in the…

Q: Describe the steps by which the TP53 gene responds to DNA damage and/or cellular stress to promote…

A: It codes for a protein or a functional product rRNA (ribosomal RNA) or tRNA (transfer RNA). DNA is…

Q: Cells in a tumor contain mutated copies of a particular gene that promotes tumor growth. Gene…

A: An oncogene helps in control cell division and  contributes to cancer progression whereas a tumor…

Q: A researcher is studying the effects of a novel cancer drug on cell division and comparing the new…

A: Mitotic index It is defined as the ratio of the total number of cells of a specific population that…

Q: What is the difference between a proto-oncogene and a tumor suppressor gene?  How can mutations in…

A: Proto-oncogenes are normally switched off. But when they get activated they cause tumors. On the…

Q: A tumor suppressor gene (TSG) codes for a protein that is part of the system that regulates cell…

A: Normal genes that halt cell division or fix DNA errors are known as tumor suppressor genes. Such…

Q: Which of the following is not an example of tumor-suppressor gene? A. p53 gene B. Rb…

A: p53 gene It is a tumor suppressor gene It's activity stops the formation of tumors It is located…

Q: What do you think would happen to the cell cycle of cells that contain a point mutation in the S-…

A: Cyclin and cyclin dependent kinase play a very important role in the progression of cell cycle. Cell…

Q: Apart from p53, mention and describe the function of three tumor suppressor genes you know

A: The cancer related genes can be divided into two broad categories like the proto-oncogenes and tumor…

Q: Tumor-suppressor genes promote cancer whena. they are overexpressed.b. they are expressed in the…

A: Cancer is a disorder in which abnormal cells divide irrepressibly and destroy the tissues of the…

Q: Sometimes, malignant cells do not stay properly anchored in tissues because of the loss of function…

A: Malignancy It refers to the presence of cancerous cells that have the ability to spread to other…

Q: help!!! Answer the following questions Only in cell biology 1. A. Discuss the roles of two main…

A: Stem cells are reserve cells that involve in the growth and differentiation of tissues. It has the…

Q: P53 is a tumor suppressor protein.   The protein is present in the cell at all times but is…

A: Given information: P53 is a tumor suppressor protein.   The protein is present in the cell at all…

Q: a. How could you use sequence analysis to determine if this patient inherited the mutation from one…

A: There are various diagnostic technique used to diagnose cancer and they are:- Biopsy, Breast MRI,…

Q: A. What below would be likely to lead to cancer development? A) Overexpression of a cell cycle…

A: Overexpression of RTK (Receptor Tyrosine Kinase) leads to the increased local concentration of the…

Q: The refers to the potential that a stem cell has to give rise to many different cell types.

A: Answer: STEM CELLS = These are the special type of cells which have the ability to differentiated in…

Q: Describe how the tumor-suppressor genes Rb, p53 and p21 regulate the cell cycle.

A: Tumor suppressor gene  These gene controls the activity of cell division cycles. They decide whether…

Q: The diagram shows the relative activity of a proto-oncogene and a tumor supressor gene in a normal…

A: Proto oncogene: The gene that is important for normal cell growth. Mutations in these proto…

Q: Some cancers have been treated with drugs that demethylate DNA.Explain how these drugs might work.…

A: Cancer is a disease that is associated with genetic changes. The mutations in the oncogenes and…

Genomic studies

Genomic studies (genomics) is the study of the whole genome of an organism. Using bioinformatics and high-performance computing, genomic researchers examined massive amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequence data to discover variations or mutations that affect drug response, health, or disease. Genomics is a much younger discipline than genetics, having only emerged in the last few decades as a result of technological advancements in DNA sequencing and computational biology.