A so-called PBS buffer (phosphate buffered saline) is prepared by according to the given protocol: Prepare 800 mL of distilled water in a suitable container; Add 8 g of NaCl to the solution; Add 200 mg of KCl to the solution; Add 1.44 g of Na₂HPO4 to the solution; Add 245 mg of KH₂PO4 to the solution; Adjust solution to desired pH (typically pH ≈ 7.4); and Add distilled water until volume is 1 L. (a) Calculate the pH of the initial solution (before pH is adjusted). (b) How many moles of acid or base are required to adjust the pH to 7.4?

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Acid Base Titration

An acid-base titration is the method of quantitative analysis for determining the concentration of an acid and base by exactly neutralizing it with a standard solution of base or acid having known concentration.