a. Explain why babies with agammaglobulinemia do not developopportunistic infections until about 6 months after birth.b. Explain why people with B-cell deficiencies can benefit fromartificial passive immunotherapy. Explain whether vaccinationwould work for them.c. Explain why T-cell deficiencies usually cause more severe effectsthan B-cell deficiencies.

Q: Relate examples of secondary immunodefi ciencies.

A: Secondary immunodeficiency - Secondary immunodeficiency are the disorder, which is caused by…

Q: (b) Describe the role of invariant chain, CLIP, HLA-DM in the antigen presentation process.

A: MHC Class II molecules are a class of large molecules of histocompatibility complex (MHC) usually…

Q: Details about Antibody seroconversion in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients infected with severe…

A: When a person gets infected, antibodies are produced against the antigen causing the disease. During…

Q: Discuss the most common immunological mechanismsresponsible for allergies and how these may be…

A: The immune system is responsible for the establishment of an appropriate immune response to…

Q: Define these words?The following words should be used in the descriptive text; phagocytosis, pattern…

A: Primary immune deficiencies and secondary immune deficiencies are the two types of immunological…

Q: a. Explain how acute inflammation predisposes todevelopment of infection.b. Classify each as…

A: Different body organs work in a coordinated manner to maintain optimum body functioning. Any…

Q: Match the major types of antibodies with theirfunction and/or where each is found.(1) associated…

A: Answer is given.

Q: Trace the immune response system, beginning with the entry of aT-cell-dependent antigen, antigen…

A: Immunity refers to every mechanism of the body that helps to protect the body from harmful foreign…

Q: state the most common reason for a false-negative antibody test

A: Explanation: False negative test is the negative result obtained due to negative reaction in the…

Q: Identify the diseases that are treated or prevented with toxoids or vaccines

A: Vaccines or toxoids can be defined as toxins that are modified chemically in the laboratories and…

Q: a. Knowing that fever is potentially both harmful and benefi cial, what are some possible guidelines…

A: Fever is the sudden rise in temperature of the body that is due to the physiological reasons like…

Q: Explain the difference between the oral polio vaccine and the inactivated polio vaccine, and under…

A: Poliomyelitis is a virus infection. The poliovirus affects the brain, muscles, and spinal cord. The…

Q: What are passive andactive immunization?According to the duration ofthe protection how do thesetypes…

A: The immunology is a branch of science that studies and deals with the immune system of the body. The…

Q: Briefly explain the immunological responses to bacterial superantigens and explain how they differ…

A: By the Bartleby guidelines, only one question can be answered at at time. The first question has…

Q: Explain the various causes of Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ?

A: Step 1 Immuno-deficiency diseases are diseases caused by a defect in one or more components of…

Q: Explain the mechanism of immediate allergies, including theconcepts of IgE, mast cells,…

A: Immunology is the branch of medical science that deals with the study of the immune system and…

Q: Explain how it is possible for people to give a false-positive reactionin blood tests for syphilis,…

A: Syphilis is caused by  bacterium Treponema pallidum. And it can be detected with blood test called…

Q: Compare and contrast the immunologic reactions involved in types I through IV hypersensitivities.

A: Ans: Hypersensitivities: It is the undesirable response or reactions elicited by the normal immune…

Q: Describe briefly Rheumatoid Arthritis an autoimmune disorder according to:  General Characteristic/s…

A: The immune system produces cells and signaling molecules that defense the body against various…

Q: Explain why people with B cell deficiency can benefit from artificial passive immunotherapy,  and…

A: Active immunity results when an individual's immune framework attempts to deliver antibodies and…

Q: Compare and contrast atopic allergy and type IV (delayed)hypersensitivity as to mechanism, symptoms,…

A: Atopy is a chronic allergy that is characterized by the immediate beginning of manifestations. Type…

Q: Explain the reasons for changes in antibody titer for a singleinfectious agent, from the acute phase…

A: Antigen is a foreign particle or infectious agent which elicits the immune response in one body and…

Q: Summarize the physiological effects of allergies that cause majorsymptoms.

A: Allergies are a number of conditions that is caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to the…

Q: describe the EIA test for HIV antibodies and state the significance of a positive HIV antibody test

A: HIV is a retroviruses whose genome is made up of RNA. The genome of RNA is surrounded or…

Q: Explain the process of B cell clonal selection (remember to mention the cells originated in this…

A: Immune cells are the defense cells that protect the body from infective agents. The cells of the…

Q: Explain why people with B-cell deficiencies can benefit from artificial passive…

A: B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell of the lymphocyte subtype. They…

Q: Describe the reasons of extensive usage of corticosteroids in the treatment of autoimmune diseases…

A: Corticosteroids are the anti inflammatory drugs which lowers the inflammation in the body.…

Q: Case Study . A man went for a hike in the mountains of New York State and later developed fever and…

A: In the above case, the man has gone to a mountain hike where he developed fever and rashes.

Q: What is included in GALT?a. thymus b. Peyer’s patches c. tonsils d. breast lymph nodes

A: The human body is a well built machine in which all the organs coordinate together to make it work.…

Q: Discuss the relative importance of (a) antibodies and (b) macrophages in the development of named…

A: Antibodies are substances produced by B lymphocytes in the body, against harmful and toxic…

Q: Explain why it is not possible for someone to contract a disease through a vaccine, but still have…

A: Vaccine-  A vaccine is defined as any substance which is used to stimulate the production of…

Q: hortly discuss the different immunodeficiency and immunoproliferative disorders and include the…

A: Immunodeficiency diseases: Immunodeficiency diseases elicit the immune system to fail, resulting in…

Q: Describe the stages of acquired immuno deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and various drugs used to manage…

A: The virus human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can cause a disease condition. This disease condition…

Q: Why would it be necessary for an Rh− woman who has had anabortion, miscarriage, or an ectopic…

A: In humans, the blood group is categorized into four groups are A, B, AB, and O. These blood groups…

Q: Describe the potential problems that would arise if a personhad an acquired inability to phagocytose…

A: Immunity can be defined as the ability of the organism to resist against infections or diseases by…

Q: Histological examination of a patient's lymph node showed an absence of germinal centers but with…

A: Absence of germinal centers in lymph nodes. Germinal centers are the parts of lymph nodes in which B…

Q: a. Explain the significance and limitations of apositive tuberculin test.b. Explain the conditions…

A: Tuberculosis It is a contagious lung parenchymal infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis.…

Q: Describe about mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue (MALT).

A: Any substance (foreign or self) that is capable of provoking an immune response in the body is known…

Q: Moniliasis is one of themost common opportunisticdiseases in AIDS. What is theetiological agent of…

A: AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) are diseases that occur commonly in AIDS patients. They…

Q: Describe an immunoassay (and the steps involved) in which you could detect the presence of a…

A: 1.   An epitope, otherwise called antigenic determinant, is the piece of an antigen that is…

Q: List the key characteristics of an adaptive immune response and describe the process the adaptive…

A: Adaptive Immunity is mediated by T cells and B cells. It is most commonly referred to as acquired…

Q: Explain why Kaposi’s sarcoma is more common inimmunocompromised patients.

A: The immunocompromised patients are the patients who have impaired or weakened immune systems and do…

Q: a. Why does syphilis have such profound effects on the human body?b. Why is long-term immunity to…

A: Syphilis is a highly contagious disease that is mostly spread by sexual activity. Syphilis is caused…

Immune Disorders

The collaboration between the cells and proteins that work together as a defense system against infection comprises the immune system.Each of them performs a variety of tasks to recognize and/or react against a foreign body.