Explain why people with B-cell deficiencies can benefit from artificial passive         immunotherapy, and discuss whether these individuals can be successfully         vaccinated against various microbes.

Q: In the event of an inflammation in the body, discuss the vaccine concept after indicating how the…

A: Inflammation It is defined as a biological response of the immune system which is stimulated by…

Q: Enlist two immunological diagnostic techniques that rely on a secondary antibody and explain their…

A: In Immunological diagnostic techniques, antigen and antibody play the key role. Specific antigen…

Q: Define the term immunological surveillance, and identify the cells involved in this function.

A: Immunological surveillance is the monitoring process of immune system that detects and also destroys…

Q: Summarize antibody production starting with pathogeninteraction with a B cell.

A: Introduction  Our immune system plays key role in defence against harmful foreign particles be it…

Q: Describe the requirements for activation of helper T cells by macrophages. Explain how helper T…

A: T cells or T lymphocytes play a significant role in cell-mediated adaptive immunity. The cytotoxic T…

Q: Describe the procedures for an ELISA test for the HIV antibodies in patients

A: HIV an influenza virus enters the cell by using endocytosis procedure. HIV is called as human…

Q: Trace the immune response system, beginning with the entry of aT-cell-dependent antigen, antigen…

A: Immunity refers to every mechanism of the body that helps to protect the body from harmful foreign…

Q: Describe how T cells are activated during the development of a specific immune response. e.i. After…

A: Helper T-cells invigorate B-cells to develop antibodies and help executioner ( killer )cells create.…

Q: Define specificity and sensitivity as these terms relate to immunological testing.

A: Immunological tests employ an artificial antigen or antibody to detect the presence of an antibody…

Q: Compare and contrast the mechanisms of antigen challenge and the clonal selection processes of B and…

A: Immunity refers to the body's ability to guard against pathogenic microorganisms. It comprises a…

Q: Explain the clonal selection theory of antibody specificity and diversity.

A: Introduction: The antibody is a protein secreted by the body to fight against the invasive pathogen…

Q: What are passive andactive immunization?According to the duration ofthe protection how do thesetypes…

A: The immunology is a branch of science that studies and deals with the immune system of the body. The…

Q: Account for the several inflammatory symptoms that occur in theinjection site when one has been…

A: Vaccination is the process of administering of a vaccine, which helps the immune system to develop…

Q: List characteristics of antigens that optimize their immunogenicity.

A: Antigens can be defined as the substances that are responsible for immune response in the body by…

Q: Explain the difference between the immune protection offered by breastfeeding and the immune…

A: Breastfeeding is natural food for the new born baby.  It is nutritive and protective for the newborn…

Q: Compare and contrast the response to T-dependent antigens and T-independent antigens.

A: Those antigens that evoked the production of the plasma and memory B cells are known as T dependent…

Q: Discuss the events in B-cell and T-cell maturation and how they differ.

A: T cells or thymus cells and B cells or bone marrow- or bursa-derived cells are the major cellular…

Q: Briefly explain the immunological responses to bacterial superantigens and explain how they differ…

A: By the Bartleby guidelines, only one question can be answered at at time. The first question has…

Q: Briefly describe B-2 B cells according to Kuby Immunology book.

A: B2 B cells is a subtype of B cell it forms adaptive immune response and mediate humoral immunity.…

Q: Overcoming the carrier effect demonstrate which of the following immunological concepts:   A.…

A: The carrier effect is the finding that a secondary response to the hapten requires challenging the…

Q: Summarize the advantage of using a monoclonal antibodyfor diagnosis or treatment

A: Monoclonal antibody is a man made protein which act like a antibiotics. Some monoclonal antibody are…

Q: Explain why people with B-cell defi ciencies can benefi t from artifi cial passive immunotherapy.…

A: Immunity is the capability of multicellular organisms to resist the attack of harmful…

Q: Determine whether people having B-cell deficiency can be successfully vaccinated against various…

A: A biological system called the immune system is in charge of identifying and eliminating foreign…

Q: Enlist the three immune components causing cell lysis type II hypersensitivity reaction.

A: Antibody-mediated hypersensitivity is another name for type II hypersensitivity reactions. IgM and…

Q: Match the best choice of information about immunoglobulliins with the IG match The answer options…

A: Immunoglobulin are antibody molecules which are made up of carbohydrates and proteins. They are main…

Q: Describe the six types of antigen preparations for making vaccines.

A: Vaccines are basically preparations of biological components that help develop an immune response…

Q: Compare and contrast the immunologic reactions involved in types I through IV hypersensitivities.

A: Ans: Hypersensitivities: It is the undesirable response or reactions elicited by the normal immune…

Q: Describe how the antibodies created from the immunizations render and antigen harmless

A: Antigen-It is foreign particle which enter in body and harmful for body.eg pathogens,bacteria etc.…

Q: Explain why people with B cell deficiency can benefit from artificial passive immunotherapy,  and…

A: Active immunity results when an individual's immune framework attempts to deliver antibodies and…

Q: lin antibodi

A: Anti-immunoglobulin antibodies or IgG antibodies are the antibodies responsible for producing…

Q: Explain the process of B cell clonal selection (remember to mention the cells originated in this…

A: Immune cells are the defense cells that protect the body from infective agents. The cells of the…

Q: Explain one mechanism of antibody action against viruses.

A: 1. The viruses are internalized by the macrophages by phagocytosis.  2. Then they process the virus…

Q: Why monoclonal antibodies method is better than Polyclonal Antibodies method in detecting specific…

A: Y-shaped immunoglobulins are called antibodies which are produced by B cells. When a foreign antigen…

Q: Discuss three mechanism by which antibody mediate the destruction of pathogen.

A: Antibody An antibody(Ab) is a large protein molecules. The structure of antibody molecule is Y…

Q: Describe the two immunological diagnostic techniques that rely on a secondary antibody and explain…

A: Protein molecules known as antibodies or immunoglobulins are created by the body's immune cells.…

Q: escribe the example of type IV delayed hypersensitivity reaction.

A: Type IV, commonly referred to as delayed reaction hypersensitivity, is a T-cell-mediated…

Q: Explain a comparison of good immunogens and poor immunogens.

A: A foreign substance that invades the body and activates the immune system to release antibodies…

Q: Discuss the relative importance of (a) antibodies and (b) macrophages in the development of named…

A: Antibodies are substances produced by B lymphocytes in the body, against harmful and toxic…

Q: a. Explain why babies with agammaglobulinemia do not developopportunistic infections until about 6…

A: Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve the first sub-parts for you.…

Q: Briefly Explain this statement "Immunomodulator Agents "-Please explain at your own words.

A: There are certain drugs  which can modulate the immune response are called Immunomodulator. They are…

Q: Explain the principle of HAT medium used during monoclonal antibodies production.

A: Monoclonal antibodies(mAbs) act like human antibodies and are produced synthetically. They are used…

Q: Give ONE example of how a defect in a T Reg cell could lead to an immunological disorder or disease.

A: T-lymphocytes or the T-cells play a crucial role in fighting against the foreign particles. T-cell…

Q: Determine the cell of the immune system responsible for processing antigen presented in a patch…

A: ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELL: A heterogeneous collection of immune cells called antigen presenting cells…

Q: Name and in a brief describe the process by which immunological diversity is generated.

A: The ability of multicellular creatures to withstand dangerous germs is referred to as immunity.…

Defense Mechanism

Circumstances influence and compel people to behave in a certain way. One such behavior is a defense mechanism. It is employed by people to escape from unpleasant circumstances, thoughts and actions. Defense mechanisms are, thus, psychological strategies that help to avert and avoid unwanted feelings such as guilt or shame and situations such as threat and danger.