а. the price to consumers will fall and the innovative firm will gain market power b. the price to consumers will increase due to market power gained by the innovative firm С. the price to consumers will fall and the market power of the will remain the same
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- True/False 1. In a principal-agent relationship between owner and manager with hidden e§ort, the owner can design a wage scheme that insures the optimal Örst best e§ort by the manager regardless of the risk aversion of the manager. Justify your answer. 2. Consider a monopoly that faces an inverse demand curve and has a linear cost function. The monopoly would be indi§erent when maximizing proÖts between either choosing quantities or choosing prices. 3. A multiproduct Örm that as monopoly power over several products sets lower prices than separate Örms (each controlling a single product) when the products are substitutes or when there are economies of scope. 4. In the dominant Örm model (‡ la Hotelling) an increase in the marginal cost of the dominant Örm (with constant marginal costs) implies that proÖts necessarily decrease. 5. Suppose that an industry has 10 Örms where the market shares are ordered from the most to the least dominant Örm f0:5; 0:37; 0:05; 0:03; 0:02; 0:01;…As an international manager of a US business that has just developed, I would export the computer from the US because I will have full control of how the computer will be manufactured and distributed to Europe. Another pro that I would consider to export from the US is that the patent would be able to protect the design of the computer, which will reduce the result of the property being an infringement. A con from exporting from the United States that it would cost more money from the taxes, duties, and the trade barriers that are from Western Europe. Another con would be that it would take much longer to exist something from over seas. First, I will start with the cons of the process where you might not have full control over the manufacturing process, which can really impact the product of the computer. This can significantly be a bad idea. A pro of having to license a European firm to manufacture and market the computer in Europe would be how they know all of the distribution…A vertically integrated firm has 2 divisions; upstream and downstream divisions. The upstream division produces chemical Y, whose average total cost is ATCU = 10 + 2QU, where QUis the quantity of Y. The downstream division has its own average total cost of ATC = 20 + 3Q where Q is the quantity of the firm’s final product. There is no external market. What is the transfer price (PU)? Question 55 options: PU = 10 + 2QU. PU = 10 + 4QU. PU = 20 + 3QU. PU = 20 + 6QU. None of the above.
- Assume that a country is endowed with 8 units of oil reserve. There is no oil substitute available. How long the oil reserves will last ifa) the marginal willingness to pay for oil in each period is given by P=8-0.57q. (b) the marginal cost of extraction ofol s constant at $4 Per unit and c) discount rate is 1%?A monopolist earns $30 million annually and will maintain that level of profit indefinitely, provided that no other firm enters the market. However, if another firm enters the market, the monopolist will earn $30 million in the current period and $15 million annually thereafter. The opportunity cost of funds is 10 percent, and profits in each period are realized at the beginning of each period. a. What is the present value of the monopolist’s current and future earnings if entry occurs? b. If the monopolist can earn $16 million indefinitely by limit pricing, should it do so? Explain.A monopolist earns $40 million annually and will maintain that level of profit indefinitely, provided that no other firm enters the market. However, if another firm enters the market, the monopolist will earn $40 million in the current period and $22 million annually thereafter. The opportunity cost of funds is 15 percent, and profits in each period are realized at the beginning of each period. a. What is the present value of the monopolist’s current and future earnings if entry occurs?b. If the monopolist can earn $27 million indefinitely by limit pricing, should it do so?
- Explain the pros and cons of using a patent system to incentivize innovation.Firm 1 must decide whether to enter an industry in which firm 2 is an incumbent. To enter this industry, firm 1 must choose to build elther a plant with a small output capacity (S), or large output capacity (L). A plant with small capacity costs $50 to set up; one with large capacity cost $175. In either case, the marginal cost of production is zero. But firm 1 can also opt to stay out (0), in which case it does not incur any type of cost. Firm 2 is able to observe firm 1's decision before deciding whether to expand or not its initial small output capacity operation. Expanding (E) costs firm 2 $76, whereas not expanding (N) incurs no cost for the firm. In either case, the marginal cost of production is also zero. The revenues under the different scenarios are given below. - It only one small firm exists, its revenue is $80, the other earns zero. - if two small firms exist, each earns revenue of $70. - If only one large firm exists, its revenue is $200, the other earns zero. - If…Return to Figure 9.2. Suppose P0 is $10 and P1 is$11. Suppose a new firm with the same LRAC curve asthe incumbent tries to break into the market by selling4,000 units of output. Estimate from the graph what thenew firm’s average cost of producing output would be.If the incumbent continues to produce 6,000 units, howmuch output would the two firms supply to the market?Estimate what would happen to the market price as aresult of the supply of both the incumbent firm andthe new entrant. Approximately how much profit wouldeach firm earn?
- part D E urgently need I. Two firms, Tac-Burger Ltd. and Back-rib-Burger Ltd., use the same technology to produce output that is given by: Q = 600(F1/2 + M1/3) K where F = Female worker; M = Male worker; K = capital With the price of good (P) set at $1, Tac-Burger pays female an hourly wage WF and male a wage WM. The price of capital (r) is $1 and the quantity of capital is fixed at 1. Back-rib-Burger pays a wage W to both male and female. a. The Press went after Tac-Burger accusing the company of gender discrimination. The CEO replied that their company was in the business to make money and their remuneration policy is consistent with the basic theory of profit maximization taught in basic principles of economics and managerial economics. What convincing argument must be put forward by the press to show that Tac-Burger indeed practices gender discrimination? What proof should the CEO provide to convince the public that the wage practice is fair? b.…You work for a pharmaceutical company that has developed a new vaccine. The patenton the vaccine will last 15 years. You expect that the drug’s profits will be $2 million in itsfirst year and that the profit will grow at a rate of 5% per year for the next 15 years. Oncethe patent expires, other pharmaceutical companies will be able to produce the same drugand competition will likely reduce growth to 1% per year. a. What is the present value of the new drug if the cost of capital is 8%? b. What is the drug’s present value if competition causes the company to havenegative growth of -5% (i.e., minus 5%) after the first 15 years?Melanie and Oli are competing Pacific halibut fishers. Both have been allocated ITQs that limit their catch to 1,000 tons of Pacific halibut each. Melanie's cost per ton is $36; Oli's cost per ton is $40. If the market price of Pacific halibut is $48 per ton, what is the minimum amount per ton that Melanie would have to offer Oli to convince him to sell Melanie his ITQs? Multiple Choice $6. $8. $12. $4.