Acquisition of antibiotic resistance is driven by bacterial exposure to antimicrobial agents (including antibiotics). This is a good example of natural selection; only the most fit (i.e., those with mutations conferring resistance, survive to reproduce and fill the niche with resistance organisms). Discuss two methods to prevent antimicrobial resistance within your community, but NOT a healthcare setting.
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- In patients with nonresistant strains of the tuberculosis bacterium, antibiotics can relieve symptoms in a few weeks. However, it takes much longer to halt the infection, and patients may discontinue treatment while bacteria are still present. Explain how this could result in the evolution of drug-resistant pathogens.You are discussing the choice of the “oil-eating” bacteria that you will use to clean the affected area from the oil spill and your team wants to know whether the Kalba sea constitutes a natural habitat for these bacteria. Formulate a hypothesis stating why or why not the Kalba sea area can be considered a natural habitat for such bacteria. Support your answer by discussing the role of evolution in contributing to the survival and thriving of “oil-eating” bacteria. Explain how and why these bacteria acquired these characteristicsIn a series of infection experiments, a researcher discovers that the ID50 value for the infectious bacterium Parasiticum mucoides is 100, and that the ID50 for another infectious bacterium, Donoteatum thisbacterium, is 15,000. Given these data, a person exposed to 1,000 bacteria of each type would be more likely to be infected by which bacterium? Group of answer choices There is no way to know given the information provided Both infections are equally likely Parasiticum mucoides Donoteatum thisbacterium
- When looking across all skin habitats (oily/sebaceous areas, dry areas, and moist areas), actinobacteria dominate the skin microbiome and have the highest relative abundance overall. Which of the following statements help explain this? A.The actinobacteria Corynebacterium species dominate moist skin areas .B. The actinobacteria Propionibacterium/Cutibacterium dominate sebaceous areas. C. Bacteria are more abundant in dry skin areas than sebaceous areas. D. The actinobacteria micrococcus dominate dry skin areas .E. Bacteria are more abundant in moist skin areas than dry areas. F. Bacteria are more abundant in sebaceous skin areas than dry areas.Evolutionary changes of antibiotic resistant bacteria increase the ability of a species to survive and reproduce under any circumstances (True or false) give explaination for answer?In one paragraph, using your own words, explain the role that natural selection plays in the growth of antibiotic-resistant strands of bacteria.
- When you see the evolutionary tree, what does it tell you about microbial evolution? How have we characterized these groups and why is it useful to characterize them at all?Use the table to answer the question. In 1928, Frederick Griffith injected four groups of mice with different strains of the bacteria, Streptococcus pneumoniae. The smooth strain had a polysaccharide capsule that protected the bacteria from the mouse’s immune system. The rough strain did not have this capsule. The details of each group and the results of the experiment are shown in the table below. Bacteria After injection with bacteria Group 1 smooth strain mice died Group 2 rough strain mice survived Group 3 heat-killed smooth strain mice survived Group 4 rough strain mixed with heat-killed smooth strain mice died Which conclusion about Group 4 is MOST strongly supported by the results of the experiment? A. A virus carried DNA from the smooth strain to the rough strain. B. The rough strain took in DNA from the heat-killed smooth strain. C. The rough strain developed a genetic mutation during binary fission. D. The smooth strain…You will have the opportunity to explore the effectiveness of six different antibacterial substances against a certain species of bacteria. You will follow scientific procedures by questioning, forming a hypothesis, setting up and conducting an experiment, analyzing results, and forming a conclusion. You will determine the comparative effectiveness of six antibiotics. What is the dependent variable? What is the independent variable?
- Which of the following types of data produce curves similar in shape to the graph? Select all that apply 1.Bacterial growth in a culture 2.A normal distribution of height in a population of students 3.Exponential population growth 4.Haemoglobin binding of oxygen 5.Log transformations of drug dose curves 6.Osmotic fragility of red blood cells 7.A standard curve for an enyme assayScientists have cultured bacteria isolated from within frozen mammoths, which are thousands of years old. Why would it not be surprising if these microbes were to show some resistance to modern antimicrobials that didn’t exist when the mammoths died?A recent study found that 480 Streptomyces strains freshly isolated from the soil are resistant to at least six different antibiotics. In fact, some isolates are resistant to 20 different antibiotic drugs.Why do you think these bacteria (which are neither pathogenic nor exposed to human use of antibiotics) are resistant to so many drugs? What might be the implications for human bacterial pathogens?