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- An Otto cycle begins its compression at 94kPa, 1230cm^3 and 11degC. The dispalacement volume and maximum temperature within the cycle is 1090cm^3 and 920degC and respectively. Utilizing air standard assumptions, determine the: a. thermal efficiency (%)b. mean effective pressure (kPa). Consider the cycle as a model of the process in each cylinder of a spark-ignition engine. c. Net power output (kW) if the engine has four cylinders and the cycle is repeated 1200 times per minute in each cylinder Show the T-s and P-v diagrams when solving. Note that specific heats are not constantA boiler plant incorporates and economizer and air preheater and generates steam at 40 bar and 300oC with fuel heating value of 33000 kg/hr. The temperature of feedwater is raised from 40oC to 125oC in the economizer and the flue gases are cooled at the same time from 395oC to 225oC. The flue gas then enters the air preheater at a pressure of 1.2 bar and 16oC with a pressure rise across the fan of 18 mm of water. The power input to the fan is 5 kW and it has mechanical efficiency of 78%. Neglecting heat losses and assuming the flue gases as ideal gas with constant specific heat of Cp = 1.01 kJ/kg-K, calculate: (a) the mass flow rate of the air, (b) the temperature of flue gases leaving the plant, (c) the mass flow rate of the steam, and (d) the efficiency of the boiler.In a cooling system of a 12MW power plant has a cooling capacity of 3750 m3/hr. Water entersat 45°C and leaving the cooling tower at 32°C and air entering has a wet bulb temperature of28°C. What is the cooling tower range and approach in °C?
- A gasoline (LHV=45 mJ/kg) engine has temperatures of 700 K and 2000 K just before and just after the spark plug ignition. What is the approximate AFR?The winter air conditioning system has a preheat coil, an air washer, and a reheat coil as processing units. It supplies air at 38°C db-temperature to a space maintained at 21°C db-temperature and 13°C wb-temperature. The sensible and latent heat loads on the space are 50 kW and 25 kW, respectively. Of the return air from the space, 40% by dry air mass is discharged to the ambient and replaced with fresh outdoor air at 2°C db-temperature and 95% relative humidity. In the preheater, the air is heated to a db-temperature of 21°C. Assume that the water added in the air washer is at the wb-temperature of the air entering it. The pressure is constant at 95 kPa. Determine:The mass flow rate of supply air in kg/s.The rate of heat input in the preheat coil in kW.The mass flow rate of water sprayed in the air washer in kg/s.Calculate the energy wasted (Qexhaust) from convection oven if 5000SCFM natural gas is found in the exhaust pipe per day. the operating temperature (Toperating) is 500C while the ambient temperature is 25C. a. 2,375,000 b. 121,999 c. 2,565,000 d. 890,248 e. 1,221,009
- . A meeting hall is to be maintained at 25°C, 18Cwb. The space has a cooling load of 40kW of which 32kW is sensible cooling load. The temperature of the supply air to the space must not be lowered than 18°C. Outdoor conditions are 35°C, 50% RH. Assume that 75% by weight of the supply air from the room is recirculate but a portion of these bypassed the cooling equipment. Determine a) amount of air supplied to the space b) TOR required of the cooling equipment c) average cooling coil surface temperature.A vapour compression refrigerator circulates 4.5 kg of NH3 per hour. Condensation take place at 30°C and evaporation at – 15°C. There is no under-cooling of the refrigerant. The temperature after isentropic compression is 75°C and specific heat of superheated vapour is 2.82 kJ/kg K. Determine : (i) Co-efficient of performance. (ii) Ice produced in kg per hour in the evaporator from water at 20°C and ice at 0°C. Take : Enthalpy of fusion of ice = 336 kJ/kg, specific heat of water = 4.187 kJ/kg. (iii) The effective swept volume of the compressor in m3 /min.An Otto cycle begins its compression at 94kPa, 1230cm^3 and 11degC. The dispalacement volume and maximum temperature within the cycle is 1090cm^3 and 920degC and respectively. Utilizing air standard assumptions, determine the: a. heat addition and Wnet (kJ) b. thermal efficiency (%)c. mean effective pressure (kPa) Consider the cycle as a model of the process in each cylinder of a spark-ignition engine. Show the T-s and P-v diagrams when solving. Note that specific heats are not constant
- An air-conditioning absorption system has an evaporator capacity of 350 kW with a COP of 0.90 operating at a temperature of 25 C with a condensing temperature of 35 C. The same cooling tower was used to reject the heat from the condenser and the absorber operating 45 C & providing 1 kg/s of water plus lithium bromide solution to the generator. Consider the heat rejection ratio of condenser to evaporator is 1.05, Determine the following: 1. Heat given by the generator & the size of condenser in kW 2. Leaving condenser & evaporator enthalpies & the mass of refrigerant water flowing from the generator to the condenser then to the evaporator & to the absorber (using evaporator heat balance). 3. Weight of lithium bromide in kg/s, concentration in percent & enthalpy from the absorber to the generator in kJ/kg 4. Enthalpy from the generator to condenser in kJ/kg (using condenser heat balance) & concentration in percent & enthalpy from generator to absorber…Suppose a heat engine absorbs 10.0 kJ of heat from a hightemperature source at Th = 450 K and discards heat to a lowtemperature reservoir at Tl=350 K. Calculate the thermodynamic efficiency, e, of conversion of heat to work; the amount of work performed, -wnet; and the amount of heat discharged at Tl , qCD.An ice plant produces 10 tons of ice per day at 0°C using water at room temperature of 33°C. Estimate the power rating (Electrical Power consumed by the motor to run compressor) of the compressor-motor, if the C.O.P. of the plant is 3.0 and overall electro-mechanical efficiency (η) is 91%. Note: Latent heat of ice is 335 kJ/kg, Cp = 4.18 kJ/kg.K.