All crosses involve many more than one character. So far, only one character has been examined to help simplify the principles involved. Now, two pairs of alleles or two characters will be examined at the same time. In working the following problem, each pair of characteristics is on a different chromosome and will be inherited independently of the other (Principle of Independent Assortment). Problem 1: In garden peas, a homozygous recessive male plant with wrinkled, green seeds is crossed with a plant that is homozygous dominant for round, yellow seeds. Use this information to complete the following: Male phenotype= genotype= gametes= F2 phenotype= genotype= gametes= F, phenotype= F₁ genotype = Female Figure 12.10 Punnett Square for F₁ The F, genotype should be all RrYy. The gametes are formed from various combinations of these alleles. Each gamete must have one R and one Y. For example, the F, male gametes will be RY, Ry, rY, ry. Would the female gametes be the same as the male or different? Self-fertilize F, to obtain F₂. F2 phenotypic ratio=

All crosses involve many more than one character. So far, only one character has been examined to help simplify the principles involved. Now, two pairs of alleles or two characters will be examined at the same time. In working the following problem, each pair of characteristics is on a different chromosome and will be inherited independently of the other (Principle of Independent Assortment). Problem 1: In garden peas, a homozygous recessive male plant with wrinkled, green seeds is crossed with a plant that is homozygous dominant for round, yellow seeds. Use this information to complete the following: Male phenotype= genotype= gametes= F2 phenotype= genotype= gametes= F, phenotype= F₁ genotype = Female Figure 12.10 Punnett Square for F₁ The F, genotype should be all RrYy. The gametes are formed from various combinations of these alleles. Each gamete must have one R and one Y. For example, the F, male gametes will be RY, Ry, rY, ry. Would the female gametes be the same as the male or different? Self-fertilize F, to obtain F₂. F2 phenotypic ratio=

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Description: All crosses involve many more than one character. So far, only one character has been examined to helpsimplify the principles involved. Now, two pairs of alleles or two characters will be examined at the sametime. In working the following problem, e

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter5: The Inheritance Of Complex Traits

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5QP: As it turned out, one of the tallest Potsdam Guards had an unquenchable attraction to short women....

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Individuals of genotype AaBb were mated to individuals of genotype aabb. One thousand offspring were counted, with the following results: 474 Aabb, 480 aaBb, 20 AaBb, and 26 aabb. What type of cross is it? Are these loci linked? What are the two parental classes and the two recombinant classes of offspring? What is the percentage of recombination between these two loci? How many map units apart are they?
The following pedigree shows the pattern of inheritance of red-green color blindness in a family. Females are shown as circles and males as squares; the squares or circles of individuals affected by the trait are filled in black. What is the chance that a son of the third-generation female indicated by the arrow will be color blind if the father is not color blind? If he is color blind?
Hemophilia and color blindness are both recessive conditions caused by genes on the X chromosome. To calculate the recombination frequency between the two genes, you draw a large number of pedigrees that include grandfathers with both hemophilia and color blindness, their daughters (who presumably have one chromosome with two normal alleles and one chromosome with two mutant alleles), and the daughters sons. Analyzing all the pedigrees together shows that 25 grandsons have both color blindness and hemophilia, 24 have neither of the traits, 1 has color blindness only, and 1 has hemophilia only. How many centimorgans (map units) separate the hemophilia locus from the locus for color blindness?
As it turned out, one of the tallest Potsdam Guards had an unquenchable attraction to short women. During his tenure as guard, he had numerous clandestine affairs. In each case, children resulted. Subsequently, some of the childrenwho had no way of knowing that they were relatedmarried and had children of their own. Assume that two pairs of genes determine height. The genotype of the 7-foot-tall Potsdam Guard was A9A9B9B9, and the genotype of all of his 5-foot clandestine lovers was AABB. An A9 or B9 allele in the offspring each adds 6 inches to the base height of 5 feet conferred by the AABB genotype. a. What were the genotypes and phenotypes of all the F1 children? b. Diagram the cross between the F1 offspring, and give all possible genotypes and phenotypes of the F2 progeny
In pea plants, purple flowers (P) are dominant to white flowers (p) and yellow peas (Y) are dominant to green peas (y). What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes for a cross between PpYY and ppYy pea plants? How many squares do you need to do a Punnett square analysis of this cross?
You crossed two true-breeding lines of violet-flowered and white-flowered peas. Is it possible to establish a true-breeding line of the genotype found in the offspring of your cross? Why or why not?
In which type of cross(es) can we apply and demonstrate the law of segregation and law of independent assortment? Why can’t we apply the 2 Mendelian laws on monohybrid crosses? Explain briefly. How can one use a pedigree chart to hypothesize how a certain condition is transmitted? Can a pedigree chart show probability of occurrence more accurately than the Punnett square? Why or why not?
The tiny blue-eyed Mary flower is often one of the first flowers seen in the spring in some regions of the United States. The flower is normally blue, but sometimes a white or pink flower variation is found. The following data were obtained after several crosses. A student claims that these flower colors are an inherited trait, and the F1 and F2 phenotypes of the flowers arising from the pink and white cross can best be explained by epistasis, where another gene product influences phenotype expression. This data supports this claim because in order to produce a __________ (pink, white, or blue) flower, a gene for a switch that 'turns on' the color gene would be recessive, meaning it has a mutation that causes it to be 'off'. In order to express a color, this switch needs to be in the dominant form. The color gene is a structural gene that has two variants: a dominant trait, ______ (pink, white, or blue) and a recessive _______ (pink, white, or blue) variety.
In snapdragons, red flower color (R) is incompletely dominant over white flower color (r), so that the heterozygote has pink flowers. A red snapdragon is crossed with a white snapdragon, and the F1 are intercrossed to produce F2. What is the genotype and phenotypes of the F1 and F2, along with their expected proportions? If the F1 are backcrossed to the white parent, what will be the expected genotype and phenotype of the offspring? If the F1 are backcrossed to the red parent and the resulting progeny are intercrossed, what is the expected proportions of genotypes and phenotypes in the progeny?
In the tomato, yellow flowers (Y) is dominant to white flowers (y). A true-breeding yellow flowered strain is crossed with a true-breeding white flowered strain.A. If the F1 generation is self crossed, what will be the genotypes and phenotypes of the progeny and in what portions are they expected? B. If an F1 plant were crossed with a plant from true-breeding white flowered strain, what will be the genotypes and phenotypes of the progeny and in what portions are they expected?
What would the punnett square look like for the question below? If an F1 eggplant in figure 5.2 is used in a testcross, what proportion of the progeny from this cross will be white?
. A corn geneticist has three pure lines of genotypes a/a ; B/B ; C/C, A/A ; b/b ; C/C, and A/A ; B/B ; c/c. All the phenotypes determined by a, b, and c will increase the market value of the corn; so, naturally, he wants to combine them all in one pure line of genotype a/a ; b/b ; c/c. a. Outline an effective crossing program that can be used to obtain the a/a ; b/b ; c/c pure line. b. At each stage, state exactly which phenotypes will be selected and give their expected frequencies. c. Is there more than one way to obtain the desired genotype? Which is the best way?Assume independent assortment of the three gene pairs. (Note: Corn will self or cross-pollinate easily.