an empty The complete electron configuration of Mg is 1s 2s 2p 3s whereas the complete electron configuration of Al is more 3s Removing an electron from the orbital of Mg 3p requires energy than removing an electron from the orbital of Al. 1s°2s²2p®3s°3p' a partially filled However, when adding an electron, the electron affinity for Mg is negative than that of Al because the electron is a completely filled being added to sublevel. 1s 2s 2p°3s less 1s2s 2p°3s²3p²

an empty The complete electron configuration of Mg is 1s 2s 2p 3s whereas the complete electron configuration of Al is more 3s Removing an electron from the orbital of Mg 3p requires energy than removing an electron from the orbital of Al. 1s°2s²2p®3s°3p' a partially filled However, when adding an electron, the electron affinity for Mg is negative than that of Al because the electron is a completely filled being added to sublevel. 1s 2s 2p°3s less 1s2s 2p°3s²3p²

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter7: Atomic Structure And Periodicity

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 180CP: Answer the following questions, assuming that ms, could have three values rather than two and that...

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Until recently, it was thought that Ca was unstable, and that the Ca atom therefore had a negative electron affinity. Some new experiments have now measured an electron affinity of +2.0kJmol1 for calcium. What is the longest wavelength of light that could remove an electron from Ca ? In which region of the electromagnetic spectrum does this light fall?
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For each of the following pairs of atoms or ions, state which you expect to have the larger radius. (a) Na or K (b) Cs or Cs+ (c) Rb+ or Kr (d) K or Ca (e) Cl or Ar
The outermost electron in an alkali-metal atom is sometimes described as resembling an electron in the corresponding state of a one-electron atom. Compare the first ionization energy of lithium with the binding energy of a 2s electron in a one-electron atom that has nuclear charge Zeff , and determine the value of Zeff that is necessary for the two energies to agree. Repeat the calculation for the 3s electron of sodium and the 4s electron of potassium.
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Consider the representations of the p and d atomic orbitals in Figs. 2-15 and 2- 17. What do the + and signs indicate?
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One bit of evidence that the quantum mechanical model is correct lies in the magnetic properties of matter. Atoms with unpaired electrons are attracted by magnetic fields and thus are said to exhibit pararamagnetism. The degree to which this effect is observed is directly related to the number of unpaired electrons present in the atom. Consider the ground-state electron configurations for Li, N, Ni, Te, Ba, and Hg. Which of these atoms would be expected to be paramagnetic, and how many unpaired electrons are present in each paramagnetic atom?
When metallic sodium is dissolved in liquid sodium chloride, electrons are released into the liquid. These dissolved electrons absorb light with a wavelength near 800 nm. Suppose we treat the positive ions surrounding an electron crudely as defining a three-dimensional cubic box of edge L, and we assume that the absorbed light excites the electron from its ground state to the first excited state. Calculate the edge length L in this simple model.
Sketch an orbital contour that is expected for an electron that has n = 3 and = 2.