ang acid exactly Cinally g. What equation can you use in the "buffer region" of any acid/base reaction to solve for pH quickly? [HAJ h. Suppose a separate mixture is created that has a starting concentration of 0.20 M HA and 0.30 M KOH. What is the pH of the mixture after the components react? (Hint: [HA] > [OH-]) (PS - If you haven't watched the AP Classroom video on topics 8.4 and 8.5) i. Suppose a separate mixture is created that has a starting concentration of 0.20 M HA and 0.20 M KOH. What is the pH of the mixture after the components react? (Hint: [HA] = [OH-]) j. Suppose a separate mixture is created that has a starting concentration of 0.20 M HA and 0.10 M KOH. What is the pH of the mixture after the components react? (Hint: [HA] <[OH-])
Electronic Effects
The effect of electrons that are located in the chemical bonds within the atoms of the molecule is termed an electronic effect. The electronic effect is also explained as the effect through which the reactivity of the compound in one portion is controlled by the electron repulsion or attraction producing in another portion of the molecule.
Drawing Resonance Forms
In organic chemistry, resonance may be a mental exercise that illustrates the delocalization of electrons inside molecules within the valence bond theory of octet bonding. It entails creating several Lewis structures that, when combined, reflect the molecule's entire electronic structure. One Lewis diagram cannot explain the bonding (lone pair, double bond, octet) elaborately. A hybrid describes a combination of possible resonance structures that represents the entire delocalization of electrons within the molecule.
Using Molecular Structure To Predict Equilibrium
Equilibrium does not always imply an equal presence of reactants and products. This signifies that the reaction reaches a point when reactant and product quantities remain constant as the rate of forward and backward reaction is the same. Molecular structures of various compounds can help in predicting equilibrium.
![ang acid
exactly
Einally
What equation can you use in the "buffer region'" of any acid/base reaction to solve for pH
quickly?
g.
pH= DKatlog1o
[HAJ
h. Suppose a separate mixture is created that has a starting concentration of 0.20 M HA and 0.30 M
KOH. What is the pH of the mixture after the components react? (Hint: [HA] > [OH-])
(PS - If you haven't watched the AP Classroom video on topics 8.4 and 8.5)
i. Suppose a separate mixture is created that has a starting concentration of 0.20 M HA and 0.20 M
KOH. What is the pH of the mixture after the components react? (Hint: [HA] = [OH-])
j. Suppose a separate mixture is created that has a starting concentration of 0.20 M HA and 0.10 M
KOH. What is the pH of the mixture after the components react? (Hint: [HA] <[OH-])](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F310fa1be-a638-47b3-9316-1b971054d314%2F09ddf5ed-4572-4441-87d5-71ea688bf367%2F6bj055_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
![Use the diagram below to answer all parts of question 2:
12
(E)
11
10+
9+
8+
7+
E 6+
5-
4(A)
nalf equivalence
POInt
(В)
3
2
1
0.
50
100
Volume 0.1000 M KOH Added (mL)
2.
Answer the following questions that follow.
The titration curve above was created using [strong: weak] acid, HA. How do you know?
a.
The equivalence point is mone then t, thenefore it
is lar that the urve is of weak acid + strong base.
b. Based on part (a), write the net ionic equation for this reaction:
HA+KOH-ETA+ H20
c. What is pH of this titration at the equivalence point? 8.5
d. How many mL were needed to reach the half-equivalence point? Label this point on the graph.
What is the pH at that point?
60 mL wene nee ded + he PH is 5,5.
the half eaulvalene point is alhieved when half of the
e. What is the pKa of this acid, HA? Which point tells you? acid is bei ng neutralized lby
a half equvalence point, pH=Pka
SO, pH of pointB ISX 5.5, thenefone the pK.
f. Which part of the curve represents the "buffer region". What is happening there, with respect to
the ions present.
the base.
バから、6.
pegion A to B is the buffer negion.
in the
negion,
in pH due to the addinon of beye,
buffer
thene IS 1 Hhe change](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F310fa1be-a638-47b3-9316-1b971054d314%2F09ddf5ed-4572-4441-87d5-71ea688bf367%2F3jeinrs_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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