Answer the following questions about the graph below Maltose Lactose Time (hours) (i) (ii) (a) What stage of growth are the E.coli in after 5 hours of culturing? (b) After -5 hr, the lactose concentration in the media is 0, why does this happen? Optical density of culture Relative concentration of lactose and maltose
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- What nutrients do the following media components contain? Peptone Yeast extract Beef extract Potato infusion Agar Why should agar media be completely dissolved before they are dispensed in tubes and plates? What are the bases for pegging the temperature at 1210C for 15-30 minutes during moist heat sterilization and 1800C for two (2) hours using dry heat sterilization? 1.Can you sterilize culture media using dry heat sterilization? Why is that so? You will notice in the videos shown, the cotton plug is not used. What is role of cotton plug in media prep, sterilization and culture of microorganisms? Instead of using cotton plug, plastic screw-cap is used, can you substitute this for the former? Is it technically acceptable in microbiology?Please include sourceYou have evaluated the rate of aerobic degradation of organic matter in an industrial wastewater and found that it does not follow normal Monod kinetics. After some testing, you have found that the substrate degradation rate follows the following relationship instead: -rut = k0.5XaS0.5 where -rut = substrate utilization rate (mg/L•day) k = 4 (L/mg•d2) S = substrate concentration (mg/L) Xa = active microbial concentration (mg/L) You have also determined coefficients of bacterial growth on this substrate under aerobic conditions to be Y = 0.25 g VSSa/g substrate and b = 0.08/d. (VSSa, active volatile suspended solids) Estimate the effluent substrate concentration when treating the above wastewater in a CSTR (continuously stirred tank reactor) with recycle while operating at a θx (MCRT, mean cell residence time) of 4 day.You did a serial dilution experiment to determine the CFU/table of the Webbers' probiotics. Given the ingredient list shown, how many colonies would you expect to see on a plate if you plated 0.1 mL from the 10-6 dilution tube, and incubated aerobically at 37 ⁰C for several days?
- Sydney Brenner isolated Salmonella typhimurium mutants that were implicated in the biosynthesis of tryptophan and would not grow on minimal medium. When these bacterial mutants were tested on minimal medium to which one of four compounds (indole glycerol phosphate, indole, anthranilic acid, and tryptophan) had been added, the growth responses shown in the following table were obtained. Mutant Minimal medium Anthranilic acid Indole glycerol phosphate Indole Tryptophan trp-1 − − − − + trp-2 − − + + + trp-3 − − − + + trp-4 − − + + + trp-6 − − − − + trp-7 − − − − + trp-8 − + − − + trp-9 − − − − + trp-10 − − − − + trp-11 − − − − + Give the order of indole glycerol phosphate, indole, anthranilic acid, and tryptophan in a biochemical pathway leading to the synthesis of tryptophan. Indicate which step in the pathway is affected by each of the mutations.Why do boiled and unboiled potato extracts differ in their action on hydrogen peroxide? Explain in 1-3 sentencesIf the result of an unknown bacteria is “poor growth” and “red growth,” can this result be interpreted as “organism does not ferment mannitol?” Explain why or why not. If the result of an unknown bacteria is “good growth” and “yellow growth,” is the unknown bacteria more likely Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus epidermidis?
- Show the calculations required to make up 250mlof a stock solution of this chemical that will then be at the working concentration when 1 volume of this solution is added to 10 volumes of cell culture medium.In this exercise, what will be the outcome if B. megaterium was grown in a rich medium? Explain.in food microbiology, how do you compute for concentration (M) and absorbance (A) of peroxidase activity on hydrogen peroxide at different pH values? (wavelength used = 415nm). can you please explain the calculations thank you if given: Temperature = 75 C Molar absorptivity coefficient = 10.5 Path length (cm) = 2 I = transmitted light = 0.45
- Lysine decarboxylase media is yellow after incubating an organism in it at 37 degrees for 24 hours. Which of the following can be interpreted from this result? A. The organism did not grow so lysine decarboxylase activity could not be determined. B. The organism is negative for lysine decarboxylase. C. The media is too acidic to determine lysine decarboxylase activity. D. The organism is positive for lysine decarboxylaseEscherichia coli but not Pyrolobus fumarii will grow at 40°C,while P. fumarii but not E. coli will grow at 110°C. What ishappening (or not happening) to prevent growth of eachorganism at the nonpermissive temperature?In a nutrient broth, where do microorganisms acquire their requirements for mineral elements like Ca, Fe, etc. from? Can gelatin be used in culture media preparation? How is it different from agar? During sterilization, pH of culture media may change. How can this be fixed? How does pH affect the shelf life of unsterilized media?