At high energy charge (ATP/AMP ratio) AND low blood glucose levels a. Pyruvate is converted to glucose via gluconeogenesis b. Glycolysis is activated c. Fatty acids are converted to Acetyl-coA d. Gluconeogenesis is inhibited
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- Study Figure 19.18 and decide which of the following statements is false. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by· NIADH. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by AΤΡ. Citrate synthase is inhibited by NADH. Succinyl-CoA activates citrate synthase. Acetyl-CoA activates pyruvate carboxylase.For an individual whose liver is regulated to have gluconeogenesis on and glycolysis off, when energy is needed - what is the major carbon source used to produce acetyl CoA? a. amino acids b. glyoxylate c. glucose d. fatty acidsDuring the FEED cycle, the two major effects of INSULIN on the liver involves ____. Select one: a. glucose consumption (glycolysis and glycogen synthesis), fatty Acid and TAG synthesis b. glucose release and fatty acid synthesis c. TAG and fatty acid degradation d. gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis
- When blood glucose levels rise following a meal, the following events occur. Arrange these events in the appropriate sequence.(a) Glucagon is secreted.(b) Glycolysis replenishes ATP supplies.(c) Glucose is absorbed by cells.(d) The liver releases glucose into the bloodstream.(e) Glycogen synthesis (glycogenesis) occurs withexcess glucose.(f) Blood levels pass through normal to below normal(hypoglycemic).(g) Insulin levels rise.When unlimited energy (glucose = 100 and fat = 100) is available and pyruvate processing is inhibited (100%), the citric acid cycle (CAC) runs at a _________ rate. a, Low (1 - 30%) b, Stops (1% or less) c, Moderate (31 - 70%) d, High (71 - 100%)A patient has a defective liver FBPase-2 enzyme, the enzyme that converts F2,6P into F6P. This enzyme is inactive. What effect would this have on the differential regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in liver cells? How would this affect a person’s ability to respond appropriately to a low blood sugar state? What about a high blood sugar state?
- The Km of liver glucokinase is _____ than typical blood glucose concentrations. At typical blood glucose concentrations, therefore, the rate of glucose catabolism in liver cells is relatively ____. Much higher; fast Much higher; slow Much lower; fast Much lower; slowEventually when glucose consumed is so low gluconeogenesis is also inhibited. Explain how this happens.Glycolysis results in the production of two ________molecules from a single molecule of glucose. In theabsence of ________, the end product of glycolysis is________.a. acetyl CoA, pyruvate, lactateb. ATP, carbon, pyruvatec. pyruvate, oxygen, lactated. pyruvate, carbon, acetyl CoA
- During periods of stress or fasting, blood glucose levels fall.In response, fatty acids are released by adipocytes. Explainhow the drop in blood glucose triggers fatty acid release.If the TCA cycle is over-stimulated, too much of _____ will be produced. acetyl-CoA glucose pyruvate carbon dioxide oxygenIf glycogen is depleted in the liver, which of the following is also occurring? Group of answer choices a. Glycogenesis in the muscle b. Fatty acid release by adipocytes c. Glycolysis in the liver to gain ATP d. Glucose uptake in the muscles