Bacterial cell walls are made of—     glycosaminoglycans.     chitin.     glycogen.     peptidoglycan.     proteoglycans.

Q: 33. Which of the following is an emulsifying agent? a. bile salt b. NarCOs c. both a and b d.…

A: Emulsification is the process of breaking down large fat or oil droplets into smaller droplets,…

Q: Write a short note on the functions of albumin. Write a short note on the isoelectric pH of protein…

A: Introduction: I provided an explanation of the functions of albumin and the importance of the…

Q: Why is necessary to completely grind the beef in an LDH purification experiment?  How do you…

A: Since you have posted multiple questions, we will provide the solutiononly to the first question as…

Q: To which of the six E. C. classes of enzymes does each of the following enzyme belong? Provide the…

A: Enzymes are classified into six major classes based on the type of reaction they catalyze:…

Q: So for route 1, when OAA decarboxylated to PEP. Are the can immediately converted to pyruvate by…

A: In general, the regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis is coordinated in a way that prevents…

Q: Fill in the blanks: In the given reaction below, the amino acid HN NH₂ OH N. HN- undergoes NH₂2…

A: Fill in the blanks:- In the given reaction below, the amino acid histidine undergoes decarboxylation…

Q: A serum is diluted 1:20 then 2 parts of the resulting dilution is added to 40 parts saline. Then 3…

A: Serial dilution is a laboratory technique used to dilute a solution step by step to create a series…

Q: What is the clinical importance of glycosides?

A: Introduction: Glycosides are a group of natural compounds found in plants that have a diverse range…

Q: Scheme of calcitriol synthesis.

A: Calcitriol, also known as 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3, is a hormone that plays an important role in…

Q: Identify the other test used for calcium determination and discuss its principle.

A: Calcium is an essential mineral in the human body, playing a critical role in many physiological…

Q: need to now the migration distance for protein A and and also the distance fort protein B please

A: The migration distance of a protein in a gel electrophoresis experiment depends on several factors,…

Q: What are invariant residues? Homologous?

A: Introduction Proteins are the most abundant macromolecules in our body. Amino acids are the building…

Q: Part A What is an inhibitory neurotransmitter? Inhibitory neurotransmitters, like GABA, decrease the…

A: Neurotransmitter are chemicals that acts as messengers by passing signals from one neuron to the…

Q: The comparison of chymotrypsin and subtilisin active site geometries on the assumption that their…

A: Chymotrypsin : it is a very powerful proteolytic (protein breakdown enzyme) which is being secreted…

Q: 9. In the graph below what is the K₁ for the agonist? Occupancy 1.0- 0.75- 0.5- 0.25- 0 -10 9 8 7 6…

A: KA is the equilibrium dissociation constant of the interaction of an agonist (A) with its receptor…

Q: Write a short note on the biologically important peptides.

A: Introduction: The below answer provides an explanation of the various factors that can affect enzyme…

Q: There is a pressing need for a string matching method that may be used to the discovery of protein…

A: Proteins are polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds by condensation reaction. Alpha carbon…

Q: Draw the resonance structures for the peptide bond. Explain why the peptide bond is referred to as…

A: The peptide bond is formed between the carboxyl group (-COOH) of one amino acid and the amino group…

Q: Drag and drop from the available list of terms. Polymerization reactions in which polysaccharides…

A: Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates that are formed through a process known as polymerization,…

Q: Which of the following phospholipids islocalized to a greater extent in the outerleaflet of the…

A: (A) Choline phosphoglycerides are localized to a greater extent in the outer leaflet of the membrane…

Q: Of the following cell membrane lipids, which one prefers to reside in the inner leaflet (or inner…

A: The phospholipids have a glycerol  backbone in which the two hydroxyl groups of glycerol are…

Q: 1. When the velocity of enzyme activity is plotted against substrate concentration, which of the…

A: The velocity of enzyme activity plotted against substrate concentration typically follows a…

Q: You are presented with the following clinical scenario: "A 12 month old male child presents with…

A: Flow cytometry is a technology used for rapidly analyzing population of cells or particles. It…

Q: -3.0 3.0 125 -20 48 -15 36 -1.0 42 -05 42 ignificantly, it that any DNA rose gel loading

A: Agarose gel electrophoresis is a commonly used technique to separate DNA fragments based on their…

Q: A woman of 40 years old was found to have an increased basal metabolism. Explain the excess of which…

A: Basal metabolism refers to the amount of energy the body uses at rest to carry out basic…

Q: Can you show the math of the ATP gain in the steps?

A: Under aerobic conditions, glucose will be oxidised completely via the glycolysis + TCA cycle + ETC…

Q: A 16-year-old female is recently diagnosed with a deficiency of muscle glycogen phosphorylase. She…

A: Type V glycogen storage disease (also McArdle disease) is due to the deficiency of the enzyme muscle…

Q: Formula for % solubility of proteins: % solubility = [(C x V x F) / (1000 x 35%)] x 100% C =…

A: Percent solubility is a measure of the substance's ability to dissolve in solvent. It is the maximum…

Q: Based on which of the following enzymes Hydrolysis reactions are catalyzed? a) Hydrolase b)…

A: Based on the naming convention of enzymes, hydrolases are enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis…

Q: Types of RNA and their function

A: Introduction: The answer provided explains the different types of RNA and their functions. RNA is a…

Q: Calculate rate of enhancement caused by enzyme

A: Given: Rate of uncatalyzed reaction =  6.2x10-7 sec-1 Rate of catalyzed reaction (with enzyme) =…

Q: 21) Difference between DNA and RNA 22) PCR 23) RT-PCR

A: Nucleic acids are biomolecules that play important roles in the storage and transfer of genetic…

Q: Write a note on dipalmitoyl lecithin

A: Introduction: The below answer was about dipalmitoyl lecithin, also known as DPPC, which is a type…

Q: 1. Where inside the cell does the degradation of long-chained fatty acids occur? a. mitochondria b.…

A: Since you have posted multiple multiple-choice-questions, we will provide the solution only to the…

Q: 11. Which of the following enzymes remove supercoiling in replicating DNA ahead of the replication…

A: DNA molecules can become supercoiled during replication as the DNA double helix unwinds and the two…

Q: The oxidation state of critical cofactors plays an important role in regulating cell metabolism.…

A: Cell metabolism refers to the chemical processes that occur within a living cell to maintain life.…

Q: 8. The human diet includes "non-digestible" polysaccharides, or fiber, that can actually be digested…

A: Hydrolases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of chemical bonds through the…

Q: Estimated Molecular Weight Estimated Molecular Weight

A: Proteins are polymers of amino acids and their weights are generally expressed in kilodaltons (kDa).…

Q: Simply put, what is DFR stand for?

A: In biochemistry, DRF can stand for different things depending on the context. Here are some…

Q: 1. Which of the following is true about phosphodiester linkage? a) 3'-phosphate group of one…

A: Phosphodiester linkage is the covalent bond that connects two nucleotides in a DNA or RNA strand. It…

Q: How does microbial succession happen in Winogradsky column? (E.g. aerobic, anaerobic, sulfur…

A: A Winogradsky column is a simple, long-term microbial ecosystem that mimics the natural cycling of…

Q: 2. Which of the following is a 39-residue hormone of the anterior pituitary gland? a) Glucagon b)…

A: correct answer is (c) Corticotropin. The 39-residue hormone of the anterior pituitary gland is…

Q: Why His/Lys preceed Arg? b) Why Asp preceeds Glu?

A: We are provided with an elution profile of Ion (Cation) Exchange chromatography procedure conducted…

Q: 1. A student is working on drawing and labeling a very basic model showing how cellulose is broken…

A: Proteins that operate as biological catalysts are known as enzymes. Catalysts help to speed up…

Q: How many tritium atoms (3H) are incorporated into myristate when fatty acid synthesis is carried out…

A: Acetyl CoA from glucose oxidation or other anaplerotic reactions is produced in mitochondria and…

Q: If our body lack of insulin, is it mean the glucose in our blood is low concentration now. So is it…

A: Introduction: Insulin is a vital hormone in regulating glucose metabolism in the body. Its primary…

Q: 47. No exchange. Mice that completely lack ATP-ADP translocase (ANT- /ANT - ) can be made by using…

A: ANT (ATP-ADP translocase) is the most abundant protein in the inner mitochondrial membrane and…

Q: Carbohydrates 1. 2. 3. What is the monomer or base unit for carbohydrates? What elements make up…

A: Since you have posted multiple questions, we will provide the solution only to the first question as…

Q: How many ATP are produced when a 18-carbon fatty acid is completely oxidized by a cell that has a…

A: Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with a hydrocarbon chain ranging from 4 carbon to 36 carbons.…

Q: 1. When the velocity of enzyme activity is plotted against substrate concentration, which of the…

A: When the velocity of enzyme activity is plotted against substrate concentration, a hyperbolic curve…

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.