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- What are opportunistic infections associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)? (Selectall that apply)o Candidiasiso Hodgkin's lymphomao Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumoniao Clostridium difficileo Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomaA patient 19 year-old came to hospital and she had sore throat, fever, red tonsils and swollen uvula, and neck lymphadenopathy. She was given initially antibiotics and came after 5 days with tired, 39ºC. She had patches ofwhite exudate on the tonsils, lymphadenopathyand splenomegaly. Hematological examination shows atypical lymphocytosis. Why do you think did she have these symptoms? Answer: these symptoms are for ………………………. and caused by …………………………… 2) What are other tests and samples need to confirm the causative agent which cause these symptoms?Which of the lymphoid nodules is most likely to see foodantigens first?a. tonsilsb. Peyer’s patchesc. bronchus-associated lymphoid tissued. mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
-  A 27-year-old man has had a fever and cough for four months . Auscultation of the chest discloses crepitant crackles confined to the apex that persist despite coughing. An x-ray off the chest shows enlarged hilar lymph nodes. Acid fast stain of the sputum is positive. Which of the following characterizes the cellular host reaction? A) Humoral antibody formation of B lymphocytes B) interferon gamma production by CD4 T lymphocytes C) interferon gamma production by CD8 T lymphocytes D) macrophage lysis by B lymphocytes E) macrophage lysis by CD4 T lymphocytes An 18-month old has been hospitalized several times because of severe recurrent infections with Candida chronic hypocalcemia, and failure to thrive . Flow cytomegalovirus shows a decreased number of peripheral blood lymphocytes reacting with fluoresceinated anti human IgGand decreased number of CD3+ T lymphocytes. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis. (A) AIDS. (B). Bruton X-linked agammaglobulinemia. (C) Chronic granulomatous disease. (D) Common Variable Hypogammaglobunemia.…Which of the following is NOT true about strep throat?(a) It is caused by group A β-hemolytic Streptococcuspyogenes. (b) It can be acquired through droplet nuclei inhalationfrom active cases, healthy carriers, and family pets, aswell as from contaminated food, milk, and water.(c) Active cases can have inflamed and sore throat, swollenadenoids and lymph nodes in neck, pus-filled tonsillarlesions, fever, chills, headache, nausea, and vomiting.(d) Coughing and nasal discharge are common hallmarks ofstrep throat.(e) If immediate treatment with an antibiotic is not given,the patient has a risk of also getting rheumatic fever.
- In an early Streptococcus infection of the throat, all of thefollowing structures may swell except thea. pharyngeal tonsil.b. spleen.c. cervical lymph node.d. palatine tonsil.A pediatric client presents to the office with ruddy checks and a low-grade fever of 101oF. The client’s mother states that the child has been acting normal, but now she notices the child has a slight rash, mainly on the torso. Which disease do you suspect based on this clinical presentation?a. scarlet feverb. fifth diseasec. rubeolad. roseolaAn infant appears healthy until about 9 months of age, when he develops severe bacterial infections, one after another. Fortunately, theinfections are treated successfully with antibiotics. When infectedwith the measles and other viral diseases, the infant recovers withoutunusual difficulty. Explain the different immune responses to theseinfections. Why did it take so long for this disorder to become apparent? (Hint: Consider IgG.)
- 55) A 48 year old man who emigrated from India comes to the physician because of a 6 month history of scale, well demarcated rash on his forehaed . Physical examinationhypopigmented rash with anesthetic cewnter over the left side of the forehead. A biopsy speciment of the affected skin shows clusters of epithelialcwels and occassional ginatcells surrounded by lymphocyteswith rare acid fast bacilli. Which of the following cytokine patterns is most likely exhibited by CD 4+ T-lymphocyte clones responding to this infection A) Interleukin-1( IL-1) and Il-8 (B) IL-2 and interferon gamma (C) IL-4 and IL-10 (D) Il-5 and IL-12 (E) IL-6 and Tumor necrosis factor alphaA 7-year-old child was brought to the emergency room because of fever and a prolonged episode of forceful, dry hacking cough with a distinct inspiratory whoop. The patient has no history of immunization. What are the stages of this infection and the corresponding manifestations of each stage? How is the infection prevented? Which vaccine should be given, how is it given, and what is the schedule for giving the vaccine?A 38 year-old woman went to a hospital and complained of a non-productive cough and dyspnea which has progressed over two weeks. Based on physical examination, she was pale, diaphoretic and in acute respiratory distress. According to her, she had a sexual contact with his partner for the past weeks. The physician ordered laboratory tests and results revealed that the CD4 count was significantly low. Questions:What might be the predominant antibody present in the patient’s serum and why? What immunological response the patient’s body will develop and why?