By drawing, construct a model of glycerol and three short fatty acids: a four-carbon saturated fatty acid, a four-carbon unsaturated fatty acid, and a five-carbon saturated fatty acid. Perform three dehydration synthesis reactions to produce triglyceride. Research the structure of one steroid of your choosing, and build the steroid. Which functional groups are involved in the dehydration synthesis reactions in Step 2? What are the waste products in this reaction? What are the subunits of a triglyceride? What is the C:H:O ratio for fatty acid chains disregarding the carboxyl

By drawing, construct a model of glycerol and three short fatty acids: a four-carbon saturated fatty acid, a four-carbon unsaturated fatty acid, and a five-carbon saturated fatty acid. Perform three dehydration synthesis reactions to produce triglyceride. Research the structure of one steroid of your choosing, and build the steroid. Which functional groups are involved in the dehydration synthesis reactions in Step 2? What are the waste products in this reaction? What are the subunits of a triglyceride? What is the C:H:O ratio for fatty acid chains disregarding the carboxyl

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter3: Biological Molecules: The Carbon Compounds Of Life

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4TYK: Maltose, sucrose, and lactose differ from one another: a. because not all contain glucose. b....

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2. Draw the condensed structural formula for the triacylglycerol made from 3 saturated fatty acids that are 18 carbons long. Using your diagram from #2 as the reactant, draw the full equation (using condensed structural formulas) for this triacylglycerol undergoing enzyme hydrolysis, using lipase.
4. Draw the condensed structural formula for the triacylglycerol made from 3 saturated fatty acids that are 24 carbons long Using diagram from 1 as the reactant, draw the full equation (using condensed structural formulas) for this triacylglycerol undergoing saponification, using NaOH
9 draw an isomer of the triglyceride in sunflower seed oil. Show the reaction and write out the products when this triglyceride is hydrogenated.
1. Make a series (at least 3) of drawings to show the three dehydration synthesis reactions that take place between the two Fatty Acids, the Phosphate Head and the Glycerol. Show the water molecules made. a) Label the following on the completed phospholipid: hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts of the molecule, fatty acids, phosphate group, and glycerol. b) Compare the structure of the phospholipid to that of a triglyceride. How are the two molecules Similar? How are they different? 2. Use the following vocabulary to label and draw a cell membrane: cytoplasm (cell lumen) extra-cellular fluid hydrophobic hydrophilic polar head non-polar tails a) How many O-H groups are there? And are the O-H areas of sucrose polar or non-polar? b) What is the term that is used to discuss how tightly or loosely an atom's nucleus has a hold of its valence electrons?
Maltose, sucrose, and lactose differ from one another: a. because not all contain glucose. b. because not all of them exist in ring form. c. in the number of carbons in the sugar. d. in the number of hexose monomers involved. e. by the linkage of the monomers.
3. One of the triacylglycerols found in corn oil contains palmitic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid. During the production of spreadable margarine, all of the double bonds in this triacylglycerol are converted from cis to trans isomers. Linoleic acid: CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOHLinolenic acid: CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH Palmitic acid: CH3(CH2)14COOH a. Identify the unsaturated fatty acid(s) listed above and provide the associated omega designation. b. Draw an accurate representation of the structure of the triacylglycerol present in spreadable margarine. Circle all ester bonds in the structure you have drawn.
1. Draw the structure of a cholesterol ester where cholesterol is esterified with palmitic acid. is this polar or nonpolar acid 2. Draw the strucutre of lecithin containing stearic acid on carbon 1 and arachidonic acid on carbon 2 of glycerol. is this polar or nonpolar acid 3.Disccuss the medical sginificance of cholesterol , cholesterol ester,l ecithin and choline . 4. Give examples of phosphoglycerides and sphingolipids of biological importance .
1. a. Explain why the melting point of palmitic acid (16 carbons, no double bonds) is slightly lower thanthat of stearic acid (18 carbons, no double bonds). Explain why the melting point of oleic acid (18carbons, one double bond) is lower than that of stearic acid b. A mixture of lipids containing phosphatidic acid, cholesterol, testosterone, phosphatidylserine, andphosphatidylethanolamine was applied to a hydrophobic interaction chromatography column. Thecolumn was washed with a high salt buffer, and the lipids were then eluted with decreasing saltconcentrations. In what order would the lipids be eluted from the column? Explain your answer.
1) Draw the structures and provide the systematic names of the following fatty acids (all double bonds are in cis- configuration).a) 24:0b) 18:3(Δ6,9,12)c) 20:3(Δ8,11,14)2) Define and briefly explain the process of saponification.3) Commercial vegetable oils are subjected to partial hydrogenation processing before they are made available on the market;a) Explain the importance of this partial hydrogenation on cooking oil.b) Give two reasons why un-hydrogenated vegetable oil is not suitable for cooking.c) What undesirable effect does partial hydrogenation cause?4) Platelet-activating factor and Prostacyclin are lipids that play roles affecting coagulation.a) Differentiate the roles of each aforementioned lipid with reference to coagulation. b) What specific type of lipids does each molecule belong to?5) Draw the structures of lecithin and cephalin, outlining the general features. 6) Explain the chemical importance of having 2-deoxy-D-ribose in DNA over D-ribose.7) Draw a schematic…
1. What biological molecule are required in the synthesis of protein( choose all that apply)? - phosphate ester - fatty acid (s) - alcohol - glycerol - amino acids 2. ATP is generated during A. Aldehyde reduction B. Alkene hydration C. Acetal synthesis D. Polysaccharide hydrolysis 3. What compound( biological classification) would be the result of protein complete hydrolysis in the mouth? A. Fatty acid and glycerol B. Monosaccharides C. Amino acids D. Disaccharide 4. The hydrophobic/ hydrophilic interaction are present in which protein structure level (s) (choose all that apply) ? - secondary - primary - tertiary -quaternary 5. Which protein structural level is/ are affected by the addition of an organic solvent isopropanol? A. Secondary B. Tertiary C. All are affected D. Quaternary
1. Which of the following is a structural component of a triacylglycerol? a. fatty acids b. glycerol c. both a and b d. neither a nor b 2. Which is TRUE regarding fatty acids? a. It contains a polar hydrocarbon chain. b. It is a component of oils and fats. c. both a and b d. neither a nor b 3. What happens in the stomach during lipid digestion? a. formation of micelles b. hydrolysis of lipids by salivary lipase c. both a and b d. neither a nor b 4. Which process does NOT happen in the small intestine during lipid digestion? a. secretion of bile salts b. formation of micelles c. absorption of long-chain fatty acids by the enterocytes d. a, b, and c are the correct answer. 5. Which of the following describes the enzymatic activity of pancreatic lipase? a. It hydrolyzes the bond between the fatty acids and glycerol. b. It emulsifies the lipid droplet into smaller globules. c. both a and b d. neither a nor b 6. What is the correct sequence of events during lipid digestion? I.…
Although the first two carbons of fructose and glucose are identical in structure to DHAP and GADP (from glycolysis), DHAP and GADP equilibriate on their in solution to favor the ketone over the aldehyde, while fructose and glucose do not. Why? a)The larger size of the molecule sterically hinders the isomerization b)The larger sugars have more OH groups which hydrogen bond and disrupt isomerization c)The larger sugars cyclize, and there is no carbonyl to isomerize in the cyclic form d)The larger sugars cyclize, and in the cyclic form the hydrogen bonding is very strong e)The larger sugars are less soluble in water than the smaller sugars