4. Draw the condensed structural formula for the triacylglycerol made from 3 saturated fatty acids that are 24 carbons long Using diagram from 1 as the reactant, draw the full equation (using condensed structural formulas) for this triacylglycerol undergoing saponification, using NaOH
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4.
Draw the condensed structural formula for the triacylglycerol made from 3 saturated fatty acids that are 24 carbons long
Using diagram from 1 as the reactant, draw the full equation (using condensed structural formulas) for this triacylglycerol undergoing saponification, using NaOH
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- 2. Draw the condensed structural formula for the triacylglycerol made from 3 saturated fatty acids that are 18 carbons long. Using your diagram from #2 as the reactant, draw the full equation (using condensed structural formulas) for this triacylglycerol undergoing enzyme hydrolysis, using lipase.1The sugar alcohol often used in “sugarless” gums and candies is L-sorbitol. Much of this alcohol is prepared by reduction of D-glucose. Compare these two structures and explain how this can be.1. provide three reasons why most of the research on carotenoids concentrates on b-carotene. 2. draw the retinol ester that has stearic acid as the carboxylic acid portion of its structure.
- 1) Draw the structures and provide the systematic names of the following fatty acids (all double bonds are in cis- configuration).a) 24:0b) 18:3(Δ6,9,12)c) 20:3(Δ8,11,14)2) Define and briefly explain the process of saponification.3) Commercial vegetable oils are subjected to partial hydrogenation processing before they are made available on the market;a) Explain the importance of this partial hydrogenation on cooking oil.b) Give two reasons why un-hydrogenated vegetable oil is not suitable for cooking.c) What undesirable effect does partial hydrogenation cause?4) Platelet-activating factor and Prostacyclin are lipids that play roles affecting coagulation.a) Differentiate the roles of each aforementioned lipid with reference to coagulation. b) What specific type of lipids does each molecule belong to?5) Draw the structures of lecithin and cephalin, outlining the general features. 6) Explain the chemical importance of having 2-deoxy-D-ribose in DNA over D-ribose.7) Draw a schematic…8. The chemical structure of Coenzyme A contains the following except— a phosphoanhydride moiety. a β-mercaptoethylamine residue. a lipoic acid residue. a pantothenic acid residue. an adenosine-3’- phosphate.1. What is the possible identity of the AA? a. Aspartic acid b. Lysine c. Alanine d. Proline 2. What is the isoelectric point of AA? 3. What is the pKa responding to the dissociation of the alpha-carboxylic group?
- 1. By drawing, construct a model of glycerol and three short fatty acids: a four-carbon saturated fatty acid, a four-carbon unsaturated fatty acid, and a five-carbon saturated fatty acid. Perform three dehydration synthesis reactions to produce triglyceride. Research the structure of one steroid of your choosing, and build the steroid. Which functional groups are involved in the dehydration synthesis reactions in Step 2? What are the waste products in this reaction? What are the subunits of a triglyceride? What is the C:H:O ratio for fatty acid chains disregarding the carboxyl?3. One of the triacylglycerols found in corn oil contains palmitic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid. During the production of spreadable margarine, all of the double bonds in this triacylglycerol are converted from cis to trans isomers. Linoleic acid: CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOHLinolenic acid: CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH Palmitic acid: CH3(CH2)14COOH a. Identify the unsaturated fatty acid(s) listed above and provide the associated omega designation. b. Draw an accurate representation of the structure of the triacylglycerol present in spreadable margarine. Circle all ester bonds in the structure you have drawn.1. Which one is NOT a property of glycerol? a. "backbone" in the simple lipid structure b. undergoes condensation with three molecules of fatty acids c. its OH groups reacts with the fatty functional groups of fatty acids d. it is a water-soluble ester 2. Which one has to bends in the structure? a. palmitic acid b. oleic acid c. linoleic acid d. myristic acid
- 1. Which of the following is a structural component of a triacylglycerol? a. fatty acids b. glycerol c. both a and b d. neither a nor b 2. Which is TRUE regarding fatty acids? a. It contains a polar hydrocarbon chain. b. It is a component of oils and fats. c. both a and b d. neither a nor b 3. What happens in the stomach during lipid digestion? a. formation of micelles b. hydrolysis of lipids by salivary lipase c. both a and b d. neither a nor b 4. Which process does NOT happen in the small intestine during lipid digestion? a. secretion of bile salts b. formation of micelles c. absorption of long-chain fatty acids by the enterocytes d. a, b, and c are the correct answer. 5. Which of the following describes the enzymatic activity of pancreatic lipase? a. It hydrolyzes the bond between the fatty acids and glycerol. b. It emulsifies the lipid droplet into smaller globules. c. both a and b d. neither a nor b 6. What is the correct sequence of events during lipid digestion? I.…The reverse synthesis of ceramides synthesized biologically from sphingosine is possible. 1. What type of reaction would this be? 2. How would the pH of the skin where this reaction is most likely to take place affect this reaction?7. The following compounds have high phosphoryl group-transfer potential except— phosphoenolpyruvate. phosphocreatine. glycerol-3-phosphate. adenosine triphosphate. 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate.