Calculate A,G° for the combustion of benzene at 325 K. 2 C6H6(e) + 15 O2(g) → 12 CO2(g) + 6 H20(8) SpeciesAH° (kJ/mol) S° (J/K mol) C6H6(€ 49.0 173.3 ) O2(g) 0 205.1 CO2(g) -393.5 213.7 H20(E) -285.8 67.0 O -6078 kJ/mol-rxn -8611 kJ/mol-rxn -6386 kJ/mol-rxn +1431 kJ/mol-rxn O -7251 kJ/mol-rxn

Calculate A,G° for the combustion of benzene at 325 K. 2 C6H6(e) + 15 O2(g) → 12 CO2(g) + 6 H20(8) SpeciesAH° (kJ/mol) S° (J/K mol) C6H6(€ 49.0 173.3 ) O2(g) 0 205.1 CO2(g) -393.5 213.7 H20(E) -285.8 67.0 O -6078 kJ/mol-rxn -8611 kJ/mol-rxn -6386 kJ/mol-rxn +1431 kJ/mol-rxn O -7251 kJ/mol-rxn

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity

9th Edition

ISBN:9781133949640

Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel

Publisher:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel

Chapter18: Principles Of Chemical Reactivity: Entropy And Free Energy

Section18.5: Entropy Changes And Spontaneity

Problem 1RC

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Similar questions

Estimate the temperature range over which each of the following reactions is spontaneous. (a) 2Al(s)+3Cl2(g)2AlCl3(s) (b) 2NOCl(g)2NO(g)+Cl2(g) (c) 4NO(g)+6H2O(g)4NH3(g)+5O2(g) (d) 2PH3(g)3H2(g)+2P(g)
Calculate Ssurr for the following reactions at 25C and 1 atm. a. C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l) H = 2221 kJ b. 2NO2(g) 2NO(g) + O2(g) H = 112 kJ
When ammonium chloride is added to water and stirred, it dissolves spontaneously and the resulting solution feels cold. Without doing any calculations, deduce the signs of G, H, and S for this process, and justify your choices.
The free energy change, G, for a process at constant temperature and pressure is related to Suniv and reflects the spontaneity of the process. How is G related to Suniv? When is a process spontaneous? Nonspontaneous? At equilibrium? G is a composite term composed of H, T, and S. What is the G equation? Give the four possible sign combinations for H and S. What temperatures are required for each sign combination to yield a spontaneous process? If G is positive, what does it say about the reverse process? How does the G = H TS equation reduce when at the melting-point temperature of a solid-to-liquid phase change or at the boiling-point temperature of a liquid-to-gas phase change? What is the sign of G for the solid-to-liquid phase change at temperatures above the freezing point? What is the sign of G for the liquid-to-gas phase change at temperatures below the boiling point?
Liquid water at 25C is introduced into an evacuated, insulated vessel. Identify the signs of the following thermodynamic functions for the process that occurs: H, S, Twater, Ssurr,, Suniv.
Impure nickel, refined by smelting sulfide ores in a blast furnace, can be converted into metal from 99.90% to 99.99% purity by the Mond process. The primary reaction involved in the Mond process is Ni(s)+4CO(g)Ni(CO)4(g) a. Without referring to Appendix 4, predict the sign of S for the above reaction. Explain. b. The spontaneity of the above reaction is temperature-dependent. Predict the sign of Ssurr, for this reaction. Explain c. For Ni(CO)4(g), Hfo=607KJ/mol and S = 417 J/K mol at 298 K. Using these values and data in Appendix 4, calculate H and S for the above reaction. d. Calculate the temperature at which G = 0 (K = 1) for the above reaction, assuming that H and S do not depend on temperature. e. The first step of the Mood process involves equilibrating impure nickel with CO(g) and Ni(CO)4(g) at about 50C. The purpose of this step is to convert as much nickel as possible into the gas phase. Calculate the equilibrium constant for the above reaction at 50.C. f. In the second step of the Mood process, the gaseous Ni(CO)4 is isolated and heated to 227C. The purpose of this step is to deposit as much nickel as possible as pure solid (the reverse of the preceding reaction). Calculate the equilibrium constant for the preceding reaction at 227C. g. Why is temperature increased for the second step of the Mood process? h. The Mond process relies on the volatility of Ni(CO)4 for its success. Only pressures and temperatures at which Ni(CO)4 is a gas are useful. A recently developed variation of the Mood process carries out the first step at higher pressures and a temperature of l52C. Estimate the maximum pressure of Ni(CO)4(g) that can be attained before the gas will liquefy at 152C. The boiling point for Ni(CO)4 is 42C and the enthalpy of vaporization is 29.0 kJ/mol. [Hint: The phase change reaction and the corresponding equilibrium expression are Ni(CO)4(l)Ni(CO)4(g)K=PNi(CO)4 Ni(CO)4(g) will liquefy when the pressure of Ni(CO)4 is greater than the K value.]
On the basis of your experience, predict which of the following reactions are spontaneous. (a) CO2(s)CO2(g) at 25°C (b) NaCl(s)NaCl(l) at 25°C (c) 2NaCl(s)2Na(s)+Cl2(g) (d) CO2(g)C(s)+O2(g)
What types of experiments can be carried out to determine whether a reaction is spontaneous? Does spontaneity have any relationship to the final equilibrium position of a reaction? Explain.
In a spontaneous process, S(universe) is (a) 0 (b) = 0 (c) 0
10.46 Discuss the effect of temperature change on the spontaneity of the following reactions at 1 atm. (a) Al2O3(s)+2Fe(s)2Al(s)+Fe2O3(s) H = 851.5kJ; S =38.5 J/K (b) N2H4(l)N2(g)+2H2(g) H =-50.6 kJ; S= 0.3315 kJ/K (c) SO3(g)SO2(g)+12O2(g) H = 98.9 kJ; S= 0.0939 kJ/K
Yeast can produce ethanol by the fermentation of glucose (C6H12O6), which is the basis for the production of most alcoholic beverages. C6H12O6(aq) 2 C2H5OH() + 2 CO2(g) Calculate rH, rS, and rG for the reaction at 25 C. Is the reaction product- or reactant-favored at equilibrium? In addition to the thermodynamic values in Appendix L, you will need the following data for C6H12O6(aq): fH = 1260.0 kl/mol; S = 289 J/K mol; and fG = 918.8 kl/mol.
Given that H f for HF(aq) is -320.1 kJ/mol and S for HF(aq) is 88.7 J/mol K, find Ka for HF at 25C.

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