Answered: Calculate the root mean square…

Chemistry: Principles and Reactions

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305079373

Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley

Publisher:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley

Chapter5: Gases

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 78QAP

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1. Calculate the root mean square velocity, in m/s, of Ne at -23.0°C. Assume ideal gas behavior.

2. You have a 3.00-liter container filled with N₂ at 25°C and 3.25 atm pressure connected to a 2.00-liter container filled with Ar at 25°C and 2.75 atm pressure. A stopcock connecting the containers is opened and the gases are allowed to equilibrate between the two containers. What is the final pressure (in atm) in the two containers if the temperature remains at 25°C? Assume ideal behavior.

3. 22.5 mL sample of liquid ethanol (C₂H₅OH, density = 0.789 g/mL) was injected into a 10.0 L cylinder containing O₂ at a pressure of 4.50 atm and a temperature of 25°C. The cylinder was heated to 125°C and a spark was used to ignite the ethanol, which was completely combusted. What was the final total pressure in the cylinder (in atm) after the reaction, while it was still at 125°C?

4. Suppose a gas mixture used for anesthesia contains 4.00 mol oxygen (O₂) and 6.00 mol nitrous oxide (N₂O). The total pressure of the mixture is 2.00 atm.

a. A mole fraction is defined as the moles of a specific component divided by the total number of moles present. What is the mole fraction of N₂O in this mixture?

b. What is the partial pressure in atm of O₂ in this mixture?

c. What is the partial pressure in atm of N₂O in this mixture?

5. A gas is formed in the reaction shown below. The gas laws can help determine the volume of gas produced. Zn(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → ZnCl₂ + H₂(g)

a. In the last part, you determined that you started with 2.001 moles of Zn. How many moles of H₂ gas will be formed in this reaction?

b. At STP, what volume in L of H₂ will be produced?

Remember the gas constant, R, is 0.08206 L･atm/mol･K.

6. When the ideas from Boyle’s Law, Charles’ Law and Gay-Lussac’s Law are combined, you get the combined gas law. This law combines the effects of pressure, temperature and volume changes on a gas. Remember the combined gas law is P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂ Imagine an ideal gas in a cylinder with a piston, starting at a pressure of 1.00 atm and a volume of 10.0 L at 298.15 K. This system is cooled to 273.15 K and compressed to 5.00 L. What is the final pressure in the cylinder, in atm?

Definition Definition Any of various laws that describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. At a constant temperature, the pressure of a particular amount of gas is inversely proportional with its volume (Boyle's Law) In a closed system with constant pressure, the volume of an ideal gas is in direct relation with its temperature (Charles's Law) At a constant volume, the pressure of a gas is in direct relation to its temperature (Gay-Lussac's Law) If the volume of all gases are equal and under the a similar temperature and pressure, then they contain an equal number of molecules (Avogadro's Law) The state of a particular amount of gas can be determined by its pressure, volume and temperature (Ideal Gas law)

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