Answered: carbide

Elements Of Electromagnetics

7th Edition

ISBN:9780190698614

Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

ChapterMA: Math Assessment

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1MA

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Question

A mechanism for hardening steel is called carburization. To achieve this process, the piece of steel is exposed to an atmosphere rich in hydrocarbon such as methane (CH4). Consider a steel with a carbide concentration of 0.25wt%, which must be treated at 950˚C. If the carbon concentration at the surface is suddenly increased to 1.20wt%, how long does it take for a penetration of 0.5mm from the surface to reach a concentration of 0.80wt%? . The diffusion coefficient for carbon in iron at this temperature is 1.6 x 10-11 m2s-1. Assume that the piece of steel is semi-finite. Use the table below.

erf(z)
erf(z)
erf(z)
0.55
0.5633
1.3
0.9340
0.025
0.0282
0.60
0.6039
1.4
0.9523
0.05
0.0564
0.65
0.6420
1.5
0.9661
0.10
0.1125
0.70
0.6778
1.6
0.9763
0.15
0.1680
0.75
0.7112
1.7
0.9838
0.20
0.2227
0.80
0.7421
1.8
0.9891
0.25
0.2763
0.85
0.7707
1.9
0.9928
0.30
0.3286
0.90
0.7970
2.0
0.9953
0.35
0.3794
0.95
0.8209
2.2
2.4
0.9981
0.40
0.4284
1.0
0.8427
0.9993
0.45
0.4755
1.1
0.8802
2.6
0.9998
0.50
0.5205
1.2
0.9103
2.8
0.9999

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Elements Of Electromagnetics

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ISBN:

9780190698614

Author:

Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

Publisher:

Oxford University Press