Answered: Changes in government spending will…

Changes in government spending will have a greater effect on output when the demand for money is very sensitive to changes in the level of output. Graph

MACROECONOMICS

14th Edition

ISBN:9781337794985

Author:Baumol

Publisher:Baumol

Chapter8: Aggregate Demand And The Powerful Consumer

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8DQ

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

COURSE: MACROECONOMICS - IS-LM and/or MUNDELL FLEMING MODELS Refer to 2 different models (and/or conditions) under which an increase in the amount of money circulating in the economy has a NULL impact on GDP. Then, refer to 2 different models (and/or conditions) under which an increase in the amount of money circulating in the economy has a MAXIMUM impact on GDP. EXPLAIN very briefly the mechanism by which each model generates that NULL or MAXIMUM impact on GDP. Hint: 2 conditions under increase of M (money) and how impact null (zero) and maximum on GDP. Example, considering both fiscal or monetary policies or liquidity trap model. Please graph and explain on detail both cases.
Suppose that in Macroland the consumption and the investment have a negative relationship withthe real interest rate and positive relationship with Y. The Central Bank of the country targets acertain nominal interest rate and lets the money supply adjust in order to reach that interest rate.a. Draw a graph of the IS-LM model in this situation.b. Suppose that the Central Bank announces an increase of the interest rate in the future.Represent graphically the initial position of IS-LM curves. Then, show the IS-LM curves of thefuture, after the announced increase in the interest rate is implemented. (Assume that the ISis constant.).c. Suppose that agents today take into consideration the resulting income of the future whendeciding the amount of consumption and investment. Show what happens to the IS-LMcurves today after the announcement of the CB (tip: the CB is NOT increasing the nominalinterest rate today).d. The government decides to step in and avoid any deviation of Y from the initial…
Assume the following IS-LM model:Expenditure sector: Money sector:C = 100 + (4/5)YD I = 300 - 20i M = 700G = 120 TA = (1/4)Y P = 2 YD = Y - TA NX = -20 Md = (1/3)Y + 200 - 10i a) Derive the IS and LM equations for the above model.b) Draw the IS and LM curves. What are the equilibrium values of output (Y) and interest rate(i)? Show these values on the graph you drew. Derive the equilibrium values of consumption (C) and money demand (Md).c) How much investment (I) will be crowded out if the government increases its purchases by ΔG = 160 and nominal money supply (M) remains unchanged? Show how this increase in government purchases would affect the graph in part (b) by drawing a new graph.
1. How do changes in the real interest rate affect the IBL and current and future consumption? 2. How do binding borrowing constraints affect the IBL and current and future consumption? 3. On what assumptions did Keynes base his theory of consumption? How does his theory relate to intertemporal choice?
5 3. permanent Income Hypothesis a) suppose that beta=.9 and R= 2222 (that is ~22%). For an individual who acts according to the PIH, will their consumption next period be higher than current consumption or lower? b) What is the main crucial difference between the Keynesian Consumption function and the consumption function derived from the PIH (or Lifetime Income Hypothesis)? c) If Present Value of future income stream is 500,000 and a person has a beta of.8, how much will their consumption go up today if only today's income increases by 1000? How much will their consumption increase (approximately) if their income goes up by 1000 in all periods?
Y6 4.) The following equations describe an economy. Y = C + I + G C = 50 + 0.7(Y-T) I = 108 -200r G = 120 T = 120 (M/P)d = 2Y -200r M = 1000 P = 1 a.) Use the relevant set of equations to derive the IS curve. Graph it on an appropriately labeled graph. b.) Use the relevant set of equations to derive the LM curve. Graph it on an appropriately labeled graph. c.) What is the equilibrium level of income and the equilibrium real interest rate? d.) Now consider that the LRAS curve is Y = 600. Draw the LRAS curve on the IS-LM Model and the AD-AS Model for this economy. (Remember, P= 1) e.) What will happen for this economy to reach long run equilibrium?
2.2(a)How Permanent income hypothesis and life cycle hypothesis explain the differences between the long-run APC and the short-run APC?(b)Use an appropriate diagram based explain why the MEC-curve might overstate the additional investment that could be generated in an economy with a one-percent reduction in the rate of interest.
Assume that an economy is experiencing simultaneous equilibrium in both the product market and money market. Furthermore, assume the MPC is currently around a normal level of 0.65 and the sensitivity of real money demand to also around a normal level. What is meant by the term crowding out? In your answer also explain the implications of crowding out for the macroeconomy.
a) What generally happens to the major macroeconomic variables such as GDP, unemployment rate, and inflation rate during an economic recession? b) Define economic expansion using the reference terms of actual GDP and potential GDP. c) Explain how investment spending and interest rate related. What is the reason behind such a relationship? d) Find the correlation coefficient between interest rate and Real Investment. Does this (actual) value support the theoretical relationship between the variables? Explain. (e) Explain the importance of investment spending for the economy. Only typed answer
Assume that an economy is experiencing simultaneous equilibrium in both the product market and money market. Furthermore, assume the MPC is currently around a normal level of 0.65 and the sensitivity of real money demand to also around a normal level. Based on this information, answer the following questions: b) What is meant by the term crowding out? In your answer also explain the implications of crowding out for the macroeconomy. (***explanation of crowding out where the concept is clearly defined and implications for the macroeconomy are fully discussed) c) If the MPC rises to 0.8 and also the sensitivity of real money demand to changes in the income rises well, use the IS-LM model to illustrate the impact of expansionary fiscal policy. Label the initial point prior to the fiscal policy as A and the new point following the expansionary policy as B. (***Correct fully labeled IS-LM Model shown including adjustment from the diagram in a) and correct position of points A and B.)
Assume the following IS-LM model: expenditure sector: money sector: AD = C + I + G + NX I = 300 - 20i M = 700 C = 100 + (4/5)YD G = 120 P = 2 YD = Y - TA NX = -20 md = (1/3)Y + 200 - 10i TA = (1/4)Y a. Derive the equilibrium values of consumption (C) and money demand (md). b. How much investment (I) will be crowded out if the government increases its purchases by DG = 160 and nominal money supply (M) remains unchanged? c. By how much will the equilibrium level of income (Y) and the interest rate (i) change, if the Fed responds to this increase in government purchases by increasing nominal money supply to M' = 1,100?
Question Four Assume the following IS-LM model: Expenditure Sector AD = C + I + GC = 130+ (4/5) YD YD = Y-TT = 100+1/4Y1 = 300-20i G = 150 Where, Ms = Real Money Supply Md Real Money Demand C = Consumption T = Taxes | = Investment G = Government Purchases (a) (b) Derive equations for the IS and LM Schedules. Money Sector Ms = 350 Md = (1/3)Y+200-10i What are the equilibrium levels of income and the interest rate? (c) (d) (e) (f) Use your answers in part (b) above to determine the equilibrium values of Consumption and Investment. Is the goods market in equilibrium? Explain. Suppose the government increases its expenditures by GH¢200 million. i. How much and in what direction will the IS curve shift? ii. iii. Write down the equations that describe the new IS curve. What are the new equilibrium interest rate r1* and the equilibrium level of income y1*? How would your answer in part (d) above change if the relevant investment function is i = 340-40i? Using your answers to parts (d) and (e)…