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- Enzymes contained in __________ break down worn-out organelles, bacteria, and other particles. a. lysosomes b. mitochondria c. endoplasmic reticulum d. peroxisomesAssign a function(s) to the following cellular structures: a. plasma membrane b. mitochondrion c. nucleus d. ribosomeMitosis occurs daily in a human being. What type of cells do humans need to produce in large quantities on a daily basis?
- Organelles and Cystic Fibrosis A plasma membrane transport protein called CFTR moves chloride ions out of cells lining cavities and ducts of the lungs, liver, pancreas, intestines, and reproductive system. Water that follows the ions creates a thin film that allows mucus to slide easily through these structures. People with cystic fibrosis (CF) have too few copies of the CFTR protein in the plasma membranes of their cells. Not enough chloride ions leave the cells, and so not enough water leaves them either. The result is thick, dry mucus that clogs the airways to the lungs and other passages. Symptoms include difficulty breathing and chronic lung infections. In 2000, researchers tracked the cellular location of the CFTR protein as it was being produced in cells from people with CF (Figure 3.13). Figure 3.13 Cellular location of the CFTR protein. Graph compares the amounts of CFTR protein found in endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles traveling from ER to Golgi, and Golgi bodies in CF cells and normal cells. In which organelle is the amount of CFTR protein most similar in both types of cells?Organelles and Cystic Fibrosis A plasma membrane transport protein called CFTR moves chloride ions out of cells lining cavities and ducts of the lungs, liver, pancreas, intestines, and reproductive system. Water that follows the ions creates a thin film that allows mucus to slide easily through these structures. People with cystic fibrosis (CF) have too few copies of the CFTR protein in the plasma membranes of their cells. Not enough chloride ions leave the cells, and so not enough water leaves them either. The result is thick, dry mucus that clogs the airways to the lungs and other passages. Symptoms include difficulty breathing and chronic lung infections. In 2000, researchers tracked the cellular location of the CFTR protein as it was being produced in cells from people with CF (Figure 3.13). Figure 3.13 Cellular location of the CFTR protein. Graph compares the amounts of CFTR protein found in endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles travel in g from ER to Golgi, and Golgi bodies in CF cells and normal cells. Which organelle contains the least amount of CFTR protein in normal cells? In CF cells?In what ways do the functions of the cytoskeleton differ from those of the endomembrane system?
- The eukaryotic cell in the photo on the left is in the process of cytoplasmic division. Is this cell from a plant or an animal? How do you know?"Without the cytoskeleton, the cell will not be able to perform any of its functions." Is there truth behind this claim? explainThe cytoplasm contains a network of three types of filaments that form the cytoskeleton. What are they?
- Alcoholism results in the inability of liver cells to properly digest proteins. Which of the following organelles is most likely to be negatively affected by alcoholism?Cancer cells can eventually metastasize (or spread) from their tissue of organ to distant sites throughout the body. Which of the three types of cytoskeletal components could be used to detect the tissue of organ of a metastatic cancer cell? Why? (For example, if you took a biopsy of a tumor that had spread to the lungs, how could use what you know about the cytoskeleton to determine where the cancer originated? )Match each following organelle with its function: Select the INCORRECT match. a. Cytoskeleton/ Network of microtubulesand microfilaments b. RER/ Has sites for protein synthesis c. Nucleus/ Site of ribosome synthesis d. SER/ Contains enzymes for lipid synthesis
