any biochemistry expect. please help, it's my last attempt.. QUESTION 1Calculate the actual, physiological deltaG for the reaction Phosphocreatine + ADP > creatine +ATP at 35.61°C, as it occurs in the cytosol of neurons, with phosphocreatine at4.69 mM, creatine at 1.67 mM, ADP at 0.75 mM, and ATP at 2.49 mM. Give the answer in kJ/mol to one decimal place The standard deltaG hydrolysis of phosphocreatine withH20 is -46.73 kJ/mol and the standard deltaG for the phosphorylation of ADP with Pi is +35.05 kJ/mol. Give the answer in kJ/mol to one decimal place.You may find these constants useful: Physical constants and Units Used in Thermodynamics (link opens in new page)QUESTION 2Calculate the standard free-energy change of the reaction catalysed by the enzyme phosphoglucomutase Glucose-1-P Glucose-6-P, given that, starting with 38.25 mMGlucose-1-P and no Glucose-6-P, the final equilibrium mixture at 25C and pH=7 0 contains 8.06 mM Glucose-6-P and the remaining Glucose-1-P. Give the answer in J/mol.Kto one decimal place.You may find these constants useful: Physical constants and Units Used in Thermodynamics (link opens in new page)

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Answered: Iculate the actual, physiological…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Question 1: ATP synthases contains 3 copies of each of the large subunits (called α and β in the E. coli enzyme). The number of c subunits can vary among different ATP synthases, ranging from 8 to 17. Part a: Briefly explain how this variation in the number of c subunits would affect the energetics of ATP synthesis. For a fixed value of the protonmotive force, how much energy can the gradient provide to drive one revolution of the ATP synthase, in a synthase with 8 c- subunits versus a synthase with 17 c-subunits?
Question 1: The 4 kinase steps in glycolysis are catalyzed by hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, phosphoglycerate kinase, and pyruvate kinase. Write each of these four reactions, including all participants. i. ii. iii. iv.
Question 1: Part a: Assume that the standard free energy of ATP hydrolysis is -31 kJ/mol. Assume the following values for the standard free energy changes of the four reactions: HK -16.7 kJ/mol; PFK -14.2 kJ/mol; PGK -18.9 kJ/mol; PK -31.7 kJ/mol. (from bio.libretexts.org). Use these values to compute the standard free energy of hydrolysis (releasing Pi) of i. glucose 6-P ii. fructose 1,6-bis-P iii. 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate iv. phosphoenolpyruvate Part b: Which of these four compounds is the strongest phosphoryl donor?______________ Which is the weakest?__________________ Part c: The phosphoglycerate kinase reaction is favorable by -18.9 kJ/mol in the glycolytic direction, as stated above. In gluconeogenesis, this step is simply reversed; i.e. it is not one of the three steps in gluconeogenesis that is driven by using different chemistry than that of glycolysis. How can this be? (Be specific: what specific factors could enable reversal of this step?)
Question: A. To explore the consequences of coupling ATP hydrolysis under physiological conditions to a thermodynamically unfavorable biochemical reaction, consider the hypothetical transformation X⟶Y, for which Δ?′°=20.0 kJ/mol. What is the ratio of [Y]/[X][Y]/[X] at equilibrium? B. Suppose XX and YY participate in a sequence of reactions during which ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi. The overall reaction is X+ATP+H2O⟶Y+ADP+Pi Calculate [Y]/[X] for this reaction at equilibrium. Assume that the temperature is 25.0 °C and the equilibrium concentrations of ATP, ADP, and Pi are 1.00 M each. C. We know that [ATP], [ADP], and [Pi] are not 1.00 M under physiological conditions. Calculate [Y]/[X] for the ATP‑coupled reaction when the values of [ATP], [ADP], and [Pi] are those found in rat myocytes. Metabolite Concentration in rat myocytes (M) ATP 8.05x10-3 ADP 0.93x10-3 Pi 8.05x10-3
QUESTION 26 During gluconeogenesis, whereby liver cells convert pyruvate to glucose, Fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) is converted to Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). If the standard equilibrium concentrations are: [F6P] = 0.52 M and [G6P] = 1.48 M, then Keq’ is ______ and the reaction is ________. Fructose-6-P ó Glucose-6-P > 1; exergonic > 1; endergonic < 1; exergonic < 1; endergonic
QUESTION 47 The role of oxygen gas in our cells is to accept electrons that come from NADH. produce CO2. react with glucose to split water. catalyze reactions in glycolysis. breakdown ATP.
Question:- The enzyme aromatase is found in the cytoplasm of some cells and converts testosterone to estrogen. You decide to test aromatase from a particular cell, and oops, your lab partner admits he drastically increased the pH in all the test tubes. Which of the following is a likely result? a. The enzyme will be denatured and the substrate will not bind to the active site. b. The enzyme will convert testosterone to estrogen at a faster rate. c. The mistake will have no effect on the experiment, because enzymes are not sensitive to pH. d. The free energy will be lowered and the reaction will not proceed spontaneously.
QUESTION 21 You are in charge of generating a scaffold for use in tissue engineering applications that behaves similarly to the natural ECM proteins. What proteins might you want to include in your scaffold? A Fibronectin only B Collagen, fibronectin, and proteoglycans C Proteoglycans only D None of the above are proteins in the ECM E Collagens only
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Question 1: When the CAC is run in reverse by microorganisms that use it to fix carbon, the citrate synthase reaction is different and is catalyzed by an enzyme called ATP-citrate lyase. Write the reaction catalyzed by ATP-citrate lyase, then briefly (in one sentence) explain why the use of different chemistry (different from the ‘normal’ direction) makes sense here.
QUESTION NO. 1Statements: (1) Glucose is both a hexose and a aldose. (2) There can never be more than three enantiomers for a molecule. (3) All common disaccharides have beta-one-four linkages. Which statements are true?QUESTION NO.2 Erythrocyte glucose transporter illustrates the type of A. ion driven active transport B. facilitated diffusion C. active transport D. simple diffusion E. secondary active transportQUESTION NO.3 which of the following statement/s accurately describe the surface of a lipid droplet? A. a monolayer of phospholipids B. a bilayer of phospholipid C. a network of perilipin protein D. a structured layer of triacylglycerol E. a chaotic hydrophobic/ hydrophilic interface
Question 56 You (a healthy individual) are swimming underwater when you can no longer resist the urge to breathe. This overwhelming urg probably due to O the autorhymthic cells in your diaphragm contracting O the decrease in O 2 available to the cells of the body. O the increase in plasma H *. O the increase in pH has made your blood dangerously alkaline. 1.67

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