Complete the following table. (All solutions are at 25 °C.)H3O*]|[ОН ]pHAcidic or Basic3.15-6-3.7 × 10-911.1|1.6 х 10-11

Answered: Complete the following table. (All…

Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry

2nd Edition

ISBN:9780618974122

Author:Andrei Straumanis

Publisher:Andrei Straumanis

Chapter20: Acidity And Pka Of Phenols

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4CTQ

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16-27 Guanidine, p/Ca 13.6, is a very strong base, almost as basic as hydroxide ion. NH NH2+ II II H2N—C—NH2 + H2O H2N—C—NH2 + OH" Guanidine Guanidinium ion pKb = 13.6 Complete the Lewis structure for guanidine, showing all valence electrons. The remarkable basicity of guanidine is attributed to the fact that the positive charge on the guanidinium ion is delocalized by resonance over the three nitrogen atoms. This delocalization increases the stability of the guanidinium ion relative to the ammonium ion or substituted ammonium ions. Draw three equivalent contributing structures for the guanidinium ion and show by the use of curved arrows how these three contributors are related. Propose an explanation for the fact that protonation occurs on the C=NH nitrogen rather than on one of the —NH., nitrogens. (Hint: Consider the resonance stabilization of the structure formed by protonation on a —NH., nitrogen compared with the resonance stabilization of the structure formed by protonation on the =NH nitrogen.) Predict the N—C—N bond angles in the hybrid. Which is the stronger acid, the ammonium ion or the guanidinium ion?
Using the diagrams shown in Problem 10-37, which of the four acids is the weakest acid?
. Write the conjugate acid for each of the following bases. a. ClO- b. Cl- c. ClO3 d. ClO4
Use Table 13-3 to help answer the following questions. a. Which is the stronger base, ClO4 or C6H5NH2? b. Which is the stronger base, H2O or C6H5NH2? c. Which is the stronger base, OH or C6H5NH2? d. Which is the stronger base, C6H5NH2 or CH3NH2?
Answer true or false to the following statements about the mechanism of acid-base reactions. (a) The acid and base must encounter each other by a collision in order for the proton to transfer. (b) All collisions between acids and bases result in proton transfer. (c) During an acid-base reaction the lone pair on the base fills the A-H antibonding sigma orbital.
Use Table 13-2 to order the following from the strongest to the weakest acid. HClO2,H2O,NH4+,HClO4
Complete a net ionic equation for each proton-transfer reaction using curved arrows to show the flow of electron pairs in each reaction. In addition, write Lewis structures for all starting materials and products. Label the original acid and its conjugate base; label the original base and its conjugate acid. If you are uncertain about which substance in each equation is the proton donor, refer to Table 4.1 for the relative strengths of proton acids. (a) NH3+HCl (b) CH3CH2O+HCl (c) HCO3+OH (d) CH3COO+NH4+
Classify each of the acids in Problem 10-20 as a strong acid or a weak acid. a. H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) b. HC2H3O2 (acetic acid) c. H2C5H6O4 (glutaric acid) d. HCN (cyanic acid)
8-17 For each of the following, tell whether the base is strong or weak. (a) NaOH (b) Sodium acetate (c) KOH (d) Ammonia (e) Water
Given that acetic acid has Ka = 1.8 x 10–5, what is the pH of a solution that contains the molar ratio of conjugate base-to-acid: [CH3CO2–]/[CH3CO2H] = 1/10?
(a) Give the conjugate base of the following Brønsted–Lowry acids: (i) HIO3, (ii) NH4+. (b) Give the conjugate acidof the following Brønsted–Lowry bases: (i) O2-, (ii) H2PO4-.
Find the concentration of a solution of the a weak base pyridine of pH 7.588, given Kb = 1.70 x 10-9

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Complete the following table. (All solutions are at 25 °C.) H3O*] |[ОН ] pH Acidic or Basic 3.15 -6- 3.7 × 10-9 11.1 |1.6 х 10-11