Consider a market with 3 Cournot firms producing a homogeneous product. Consumer demand is given by P = 130 – Q. Each firm's total costs are given by C = f + 10g, where f represents fixed costs. Suppose that firms 1 and 2 merge and that after the merger, the merged firm has fixed costsof af with 1 < a < 2. Under which condition is this merger profitable for the merging firms? O a. a<2- 200/S O b. None of the options given are correct Oc a<2-100/f O d. a<2-150/f Oe a<2-50/f
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- Suppose oil production in the Gulf of Mexico was a symmetric horizontal oligopoly in Cournot competition. Assume there are two producers, each with a constant marginal cost of production of $50 per barrel. Let the demand function for oil in the region be D(p) = 12000 – 20p, where demand is measured in barrels per day. (You will need to calculate inverse demand from demand before moving on). What would the perfectly competitive equilibrium price and quantity be? What would be the consumer surplus and producer surplus? Draw each firm’s residual inverse demand curve. Calculate the Cournot-Nash equilibrium price and quantity. What is the total consumer surplus, total producer surplus across the two firms, and deadweight loss?There is much evidence that large firms with considerable market power (firms such asmonopolies) may not maximize profits but may pursue quite different objectives such asgrowth or sales revenue maximization. What are the arguments put forward to defendmonopoly? Name any 5 Generally, the aim of a business is to maximize profit. Which point should a firm operateat in order to achieve maximum profit? By making use of a graph indicate clearly the pointat which a firm makes maximum profit and a point where a firm increase their output inorder to enhance profit as well as well as the points where they should reduce theirproduction if they want to enhance profit1. Two firms compete in a market to sell a homogeneous product with inversedemand function P = 960-6Q. Each firm produces at a constant marginal cost of$60 and has no fixed costs.a. Assuming perfect competition, computei. Equilibrium price and quantityii. Profits and producer surplusiii. Consumer surplus and total surplusb. Assuming Cournot duopoly, computei. Reaction functions for each firmii. Profits of each firmiii. Consumer surplusiv. Total welfare loss relative to perfect competition (if any)c. Assuming the firms collude and act as a monopolist, computei. Equilibrium price and quantityii. Total profitsiii. Consumer surplusiv. Total welfare loss relative to perfect competition (if any)d. Rank the output quantities, profits, and total welfare by the three marketstructures above
- Two firms with differentiated products are competing in price. Firm A and B face thefollowing demand curves: Q_A = 70 − 2P_A + P_B and Q_B = 120 − 2P_B + P_Arespectively. Assume production is costless.a. Give equations for and graph each firm’s reaction curve.b. If both firms set their prices at the same time, what is the Nash equilibriumprice, quantity, and profit for each firm?c. Suppose A sets its price first and then B responds. What price and quantitydoes each firm set now? Is it advantageous to move first?d. Compare the profits from part b and c. Which firm benefits more from thesequential price choosing? (Please do b-d, thanks :))Suppose three Cournot competitors, each with costs Ci = 30qi, face an inverse market demand curve of P = 480 – 4Q. Suppose merging will not change costs. a. Find profits for the three firms. Note: Don’t round your answers. How will the profits change for F1 and for F2|3 if F2 and F3 merge? b. Suppose that after the merger occurs, F1 and the new firm F2|3 successfully collude at setting the monopoly price and output, and splitting the resulting monopoly profits. How, if at all, does this change the impact of the merger on F1 and on the merged firm?Question 1 (40 points) Consider a homogeneous duopoly market where two firms compete in prices. Demand is given by D 8-2p, where p is price. Marginal cost of production is 2. a)lf the individual capacity of both firms is 2, is there an equilibrium in pure strategies? If so, what are the equilibrium prices? If not, provide a proof. b) Consider then that a third firm enters the market and that all three firms have a capacity of 2. Does an equilibrium in pure strategies exist? If so, what are the equilibrium prices? If not, why not? c) Does you answer under b) change if the firms' capacities are respectively equal to 1, 2 and 3?.
- Consider a market of 6 firms that compete through production. Demand is given as P = 220 – 2Q. Each firm has a marginal cost of $20. a. What will be the equilibrium firm quantities, market price, and firm profits? b. Suppose two firms merge in this market to become a leader. What will be the new equilibrium firm quantities, market price, and firm profits? Was it profitable for the firms to merge into a leader? Note that n = 5 after the merger. c. Suppose another two firms merge to form a second leader in the market. What will be the new equilibrium firm quantities, market price, and firm profits? Was it profitable for the followers to merge into a co-leader? Note that n = 4 and L = 2 after the merger:Consider a duopoly market with 2 firms. Aggregate demand in this market is given by Q = 500 – P, where P is the price on the market. Q is total market output, i.e., Q = QA + QB, where QA is the output by Firm A and QB is the output by Firm B. For both firms, marginal cost is given by MCi = 20, i=A,B. Assume the firms compete a la Cournot. What are the equilibrium quantities? What is the total quantity supplied on this market? What is the equilibrium price in this market?a) Suppose that the two firms engage in Cournot competition. Find the equilibrium price PNE in the industry, the equilibrium outputs QANE and QBNE, as well as the profits πANE and πBNE, for each firm. b) Suppose the marginal cost for firm B increases from $20 to $140, while everything else remains unchanged. Find the new equilibrium price PNE in the industry, the new equilibrium outputs QANE and QBNE, as well as the new profits πANE and πBNE for each firm. c) Suppose that, in addition to the marginal cost increase from $20 to $140 from sub question b), firm B also has a fixed cost of $2500, out of which $2100 may be recouped if it shuts down; everything else remains unchanged. In this case, what will firm B’s optimal output be? (Justify your answer.) What will firm A’s profit be?
- Consider an industry with N firms that compete by setting the quantities of an identical product simultaneously. The resulting market price is given by: p = 1000 − 4Q. The total cost function of each firm is C(qi) = 50 + 20qi . (a) Derive the output reaction of firm i to the belief that its rivals are jointly producing a total output of Q-i . Assuming that every firm produces the same quantity in equilibrium, use your answer to compute that quantity. (b) Suppose firms would enter (exit) this industry if the existing firms were making a profit (loss). Write down a mathematical equation, the solution to which would give you the equilibrium number of firms in this industry. You don’t have to solve this equation.There are two firms in the market (duopoly). These two firms are competingsimultaneously. The first firm chooses its output level (x) by predicting the second firm’soutput (y). Let c denote the total cost function c(x) = x and c(y) = y. Also, let’s assumethat the inverse demand function is p(Y) = 7 - Y where Y = x + y. (1) Obtain the reactionfunction of the first firm. (2) Find the equilibrium (output and profit of each firm) whentwo firms simultaneously compete4. Consider a homogeneous good duopoly with linear demand P(Q) = 12-Q, where Q is the total industry output, and constant marginal costs c=3. a. Suppose that firms simultaneously set quantities. Determine the equilibrium price, quantities, profits, and welfare.b. The firms consider merging although their production costs are not affected. Determine the solution to this problem. Is such a merger profitable? What are the welfare effects of this merger?c. Consider the possibility of firm entry after the merger (the entrant produces at marginal costs c=3 and has entry cost F). Suppose first that the merger is not efficiency-enhancing. Analyze such a market and comment on your result (depending on the entry cost F).