61 Consider the reaction:4 NHxg) + 7 Ozug) +→ 4 NO2(g) + 6 H2OgAH <0Which action will decrease the quantity of ammonia in the reaction mixture?a. Remove O2 from the mixture at constant temperature and pressure.b. Add NO? to the system at constant temperature and pressure.c. Decrease the temperature of the system at constant pressure.d. Add helium, He, to the system at constant temperature and volume.

Le Chatelier's Principle : It states that a change in any of the factor that determine equilibrium…

Consider the reaction: 4 NHxg) + 7 Oug) +→ 4 NOz(g» + 6 H2Otg) AH <0 Which action will decrease the quantity of ammonia in the reaction mixture? a. Remove O2 from the mixture at constant temperature and pressure. b. Add NO2 to the system at constant temperature and pressure. c. Decrease the temperature of the system at constant pressure. d. Add helium, He, to the system at constant temperature and volume.

Consider the reaction: 4 NHxg) + 7 Oug) +→ 4 NOz(g» + 6 H2Otg) AH <0 Which action will decrease the quantity of ammonia in the reaction mixture? a. Remove O2 from the mixture at constant temperature and pressure. b. Add NO2 to the system at constant temperature and pressure. c. Decrease the temperature of the system at constant pressure. d. Add helium, He, to the system at constant temperature and volume.

Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation

9th Edition

ISBN:9781337399425

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter17: Equilibrium

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 30QAP: . Consider the reaction 2CO(g)+O2(g)2CO2(g)Suppose the system is already at equilibrium, and then an...

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Consider an equilibrium mixture of four chemicals (A, B, C, and D, all gases) reacting in a closed flask according to the equation: A(g)+B(g)C(g)+D(g) a. You add more A to the flask. How does the concentration of each chemical compare to its original concentration after equilibrium is reestablished? Justify your answer. b. You have the original setup at equilibrium, and you add more D to the flask. How does the concentration of each chemical compare to its original concentration after equilibrium is reestablished? Justify your answer.
Explain why an equilibrium between Br2(l) and Br2(g) would not be established if the container were not a closed vessel shown in Figure 13.5.
The following equilibrium is established in a closed container: C(s)+O2(g)CO2(g)H=393kJmol1 How does the equilibrium shift in response to each of the following stresses? (a) The quantity of solid carbon is increased. (b) A small quantity of water is added, and CO2 dissolves in it. (c) The system is cooled. (d) The volume of the container is increased.
Kp for the following reaction is 0.16 at 25 C: 2 NOBr(g) 2 NO(g) + Br2(g) The enthalpy change for the reaction at standard conditions is + 16.3 kJ/mol-rxn. Predict the effect of the following changes on the position of the equilibrium; that is, state which way the equilibrium will shift (left, right, or no change) when each of the following changes is made. (a) adding more Br2(g) (b) removing some NOBr(g) (c) decreasing the temperature (d) increasing the container volume
Consider the equation G = G + RT ln(Q). What is the value of G for a reaction at equilibrium? What does Q equal at equilibrium? At equilibrium, the previous equation reduces to G = RT ln(K). When G 0, what does it indicate about K? When G 0, what does it indicate about K? When t G = 0, what does it indicate about K? G predicts spontaneity for a reaction, whereas G predicts the equilibrium position. Explain what this statement means. Under what conditions can you use G to determine the spontaneity of a reaction?
In Section 17.3 of your text, it is mentioned that equilibrium is reached in a closed system. What is meant by the term “closed system,” and why is it necessary for a system to reach equilibrium? Explain why equilibrium is not reached in an open system.
Consider the system 4 NH3(g) + 3 O2(g) ⇌ 2 N2(g) + 6 H20(ℓ) ΔrH° = −1530.4 kJ/mol How will the amount of ammonia at equilibrium be affected by removing O2(g) without changing the total gas volume? adding N2(g) without changing the total gas volume? adding water without changing the total gas volume? expanding the container? increasing the temperature? Which of these changes (i to v) increases the value of K? Which decreases it?
. Consider the reaction 2CO(g)+O2(g)2CO2(g)Suppose the system is already at equilibrium, and then an additional mole of CO2(g) is injected into the system at constant temperature. Does the amount of O2(g) in the system increase or decrease? Does the value of K for the reaction change?
5.22. True or false: If for a gas-phase reaction, then all equilibrium partial pressures of reactants and products must equal . Explain your choice.
12.100 A reaction important in smog formation is O3(g)+NO(g)O2(g)+NO2(g)K=6.01034 (a) If the initial concentrations are [O3]=1.0106M,[NO]=1.0105M,[NO2]=2.5104M, and [O2]=8.2103M , is the system at equilibrium? If not, in which direction does the reaction proceed? (b) If the temperature is increased, as on a very warm day, will the concentrations of the products increase or decrease? (HINT: You may have to calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction to find out if it is exothermic or endothermic.)
. Suppose the reaction system CH4(g)+2O2(g)CO2(g)+2H2O(l)has already reached equilibrium. Predict the effect of each of the following changes on the position of the equilibrium. Tell whether the equilibrium will shift to the right, will shift to the left, or will not be affected. a. Any liquid water present is removed from the system. b. CO2is added to the system by dropping a chunk of dry ice into the reaction vessel. c. The reaction is performed in a metal cylinder fined with a piston. and the piston is compressed to decrease the total volume of the system. d. Additional O2(g) is added to the system from a cylinder of pure O2.
12.108 A nuclear engineer is considering the effect of discharging waste heat from a power plant into a lake and estimates that this may warm the water locally to 25 °C. One question to be considered is the effect of this temperature change on the uptake of CO2 by the water. The equilibrium constant for the reaction CO2+H2OH2CO3 ; is K=1.7103 at 25 °C. Because bonds form, the reaction is exothermic. (a) Will this reaction progress further toward products at higher temperatures near the water discharge with its warmer water than it would in the cooler lake water? Explain your reasoning. (b) Carbonic acid has a Kaof 2.5104 at 25 °C. What is the equilibrium constant for the CO2+2H2OHCO3+H3O+? (c) What additional factor should the engineer be considering about CO2 gas, probably before considering this reaction chemistry?