12.100 A reaction important in smog formation is
(a) If the initial concentrations are
(b) If the temperature is increased, as on a very warm day, will the concentrations of the products increase or decrease? (HINT: You may have to calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction to find out if it is exothermic or endothermic.)
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Chemistry for Engineering Students
- The reaction 2 NO2(g) N2O4(g) has an equilibrium constant, Kc, of 170 at 25 C. If 2.0 103 mol of NO2 is present in a 10.-L. Flask along with 1.5 103 mol of N2O4, is the system at equilibrium? If it is not at equilibrium, does the concentration of NO2 increase or decrease as the system proceeds to equilibrium?arrow_forwardDinitrogen tetroxide, N2O4, is a colorless gas (boiling point, 21C), which dissociates to give nitrogen dioxide, NO2 a reddish brown gas. N2O4(g)2NO2(g) The equilibrium constant Kc at 25C is 0.125. What percentage of dinitrogen tetroxidc is dissociated when 0.0400 mol N2O4 is placed in a 1.00-L flask at 25C?arrow_forward12.103 Methanol, CH3OH, can be produced by the reaction of CO with H2, with the liberation of heat. All species in the reaction are gaseous. What effect will each of the following have on the equilibrium concentration of CO? (a) Pressure is increased, (b) volume of the reaction container is decreased, (c) heat is added, (d) the concentration of CO is increased, (e) some methanol is removed from the container, and (f) H2 is added.arrow_forward
- Sulfuryl chloride is used in organic chemistry as a chlorinating agent. At moderately high temperatures it decomposes as follows: SO2Cl2(g)SO2(g)+Cl2(g) with Kc = 0.045 at 650 K. a A sample of 8.25 g of SO2Cl2 is placed in a 1.00-L reaction vessel and heated to 650 K. What are the equilibrium concentrations of all of the species? b What fraction of SO2Cl2 has decomposed? c If 5 g of chlorine is inserted into the reaction vessel, what qualitative effect would this have on the fraction of SO2Cl2 that has decomposed?arrow_forwardSuppose sulfur dioxide reacts with oxygen at 25C. 2SO2(g)+O2(g)2SO3(g) The equilibrium constant Kc equals 8.0 1035 at this temperature From the magnitude of Kc, do you think this reaction occurs to any great extent when equilibrium is reached at room temperature? If an equilibrium mixture is 1.0 M SO3 and has equal concentrations of SO2 and O2, what is the concentration of SO2 in the mixture? Does this result agree with what you expect from the magnitude of Kc?arrow_forwardThe equilibrium constant Kc for the synthesis of methanol, CH3OH. CO(g)+2H2(g)CH3OH(g) is 4.3 at 250C and 1.8 at 275C. Is this reaction endothermic or exothermic?arrow_forward
- At high temperatures, a dynamic equilibrium exists between carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and solid carbon. C(s)+CO2(g)2CO(g);H=172.5kJ At 850C, Kc is 0.153. a What is the value of Kp? b If the original reaction system consisted of just carbon and 1.50 atm of CO2, what are the pressures of CO2 and CO when equilibrium has been established? c How will the equilibrium pressure of CO change if the temperature is decreased?arrow_forwardThe following reaction has an equilibrium constant Kc equal to 3.59 at 900C. CH4(g)+2H2S(g)CS2(g)+4H2(g) For each of the following compositions, decide whether the reaction mixture is at equilibrium. If it is not, decide which direction the reaction should go. a [CH4] = 1.26 M, [H2S] = 1.32 M, [CS2] = 1.43 M, [H2] = 1.12 M b [CH4] = 1.25 M, [H2S] = 1.52 M, [CS2] = 1.15 M, [H2] = 1.73 M c [CH4] = 1.30 M, [H2S] = 1.41 M, [CS2] = 1.10 M, [H2] = 1.20 M d [CH4] = 1.56 M, [H2S] = 1.43 M, [CS2] = 1.23 M, [H2] = 1.91 Marrow_forwardA sample of ammonium chloride was heated in a closed container. NH4CI(s)NH3(g)+HCI(g) At equilibrium, the pressure of NH3(g) was found to be 1.75 atm. What is the value of the equilibrium constant KP for the decomposition at this temperature?arrow_forward
- The equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction PCl3(g)+Cl2(g)PCl3(g) equals 4.1 at 300C. a A sample of 35.8 g of PCl5 is placed in a 5.0-L reaction vessel and heated to 300C. What are the equilibrium concentrations of all of the species? b What fraction of PCl5 has decomposed? c If 35.8 g of PCl5 were placed in a 1.0-L vessel, what qualitative effect would this have on the fraction of PCl5 that has decomposed (give a qualitative answer only; do not do the calculation)? Why?arrow_forwardAt 2300 K the equilibrium constant for the formation of NO(g) is 1.7 103. N2(g) + O2(g) 2 NO(g) (a) Analysis shows that the concentrations of N2 and O2 are both 0.25 M, and that of NO is 0.0042 M under certain conditions. Is the system at equilibrium? (b) If the system is not at equilibrium, in which direction does the reaction proceed? (c) When the system is at equilibrium, what are the equilibrium concentrations?arrow_forwardCyclohexane, C6H12, a hydrocarbon, can isomerize or change into methylcyclopentane, a compound of the same formula (C5H9CH3) but with a different molecular structure. sssss The equilibrium constant has been estimated to be 0.12 at 25 C. If you had originally placed 0.045 mol of cyclohexane in a 2.8-L flask, what would be the concentrations of cyclohexane and methylcyclopentane when equilibrium is established?arrow_forward
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