cross between a wild-type fruit fly strain and various true-breeding mutant strains (all at a single locus) for bristle mutations resulted in the following phenotypes: Mutant Bristle Phenotype 1 0.20 shorter 2 0.30 longer 3 0.75 shorter 4 bent and damaged, non-functional 5 no bristles
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A cross between a wild-type fruit fly strain and various true-breeding mutant strains (all at a single locus) for bristle mutations resulted in the following
| Mutant | Bristle Phenotype |
| 1 | 0.20 shorter |
| 2 | 0.30 longer |
| 3 | 0.75 shorter |
| 4 | bent and damaged, non-functional |
| 5 | no bristles |
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- A cross between a wild-type fruit fly strain and various true-breeding mutant strains (all at a single locus) for bristle mutations resulted in the following phenotypes: Mutant Bristle Phenotype 1 0.20 shorter 2 0.30 longer 3 0.75 shorter 4 bent and damaged, non-functional 5 no bristles Using Muller's Morphs classification, Mutant 1 could be considered what type of "morph?" Question 6 options: Gain-of-function morph Antimorph Neomorph Amorph HypomorphIn Drosophila, a female fly is heterozygous for three mutations, Bareyes (B), miniature wings (m), and ebony body (e). Note that Bar isa dominant mutation. The fly is crossed to a male with normal eyes,miniature wings, and ebony body. The results of the cross are asfollows.111 miniature29 wild type117 Bar26 Bar, mimatue101 Bar, ebony31 Bar, miniature, ebony35 ebony115 miniature, ebonyInterpret the results of this cross. If you conclude that linkage isinvolved between any of the genes, determine that map distance(sbetween them.Flies homozygous for mutant alleles of a Drosophilagene called rough have slightly malformed (rough)eyes, instead of normal smooth eyes. Two differentstrains of flies exist, each with a different P elementinduced mutant rough allele. In each strain, the P element in the rough gene is the only P element in thefly genome.a. When homozygotes for one of the rough mutantalleles were bred for several generations, in eachgeneration flies appeared either with wild-type eyes,or with much more severely rough eyes. Pure-breedingwild-type or severely rough-eyed lines could begenerated from these unusual flies. Explain.
- Flies homozygous for mutant alleles of a Drosophilagene called rough have slightly malformed (rough)eyes, instead of normal smooth eyes. Two differentstrains of flies exist, each with a different P elementinduced mutant rough allele. In each strain, the P element in the rough gene is the only P element in thefly genome.a. When homozygotes for one of the rough mutantalleles were bred for several generations, in eachgeneration flies appeared either with wild-type eyes,or with much more severely rough eyes. Pure-breedingwild-type or severely rough-eyed lines could begenerated from these unusual flies. Explain.b. When homozygotes for the other rough mutantallele were grown for many generations, neitherwild-type flies nor flies with more severely rougheyes were ever seen. Explain.Tomato Plants In tomato plants, round fruit (R) is dominant to oval fruit (r). Pure breeding plants with red and round fruit (FFRR) were crossed to pure breeding plants with yellow and oval fruit (ffrr). The red and round F1 progeny were then testcrossed to plants that were homozygous recessive for both genes (ffrr) with the following results: Phenotypes Number of Offspring Red and round 2 255 Red and oval 290 Yellow and round 310 Yellow and oval 2 145 Convert the expected phenotypic ratio from Part A into the expected probability for each of the four phenotypes and record them in the table below. Calculate the probability for each of the four phenotypes observed in the cross from the data presented at the beginning of the question by dividing the number of progeny in each class by the total number of progeny and record these in the table below. Compare the expected probabilities of each phenotype to the observed probabilities. Are the gene for fruit colour and…Tomato Plants In tomato plants, round fruit (R) is dominant to oval fruit (r). Pure breeding plants with red and round fruit (FFRR) were crossed to pure breeding plants with yellow and oval fruit (ffrr). The red and round F1 progeny were then testcrossed to plants that were homozygous recessive for both genes (ffrr) with the following results: Phenotypes Number of Offspring Red and round 2 255 Red and oval 290 Yellow and round 310 Yellow and oval 2 145 Convert the expected phenotypic ratio from Part A into the expected probability for each of the four phenotypes and record them in the table below. Calculate the probability for each of the four phenotypes observed in the cross from the data presented at the beginning of the question by dividing the number of progeny in each class by the total number of progeny and record these in the table below. Probability = Number of Progeny in Phenotype Class ÷ Total Progeny
- Tomato Plants In tomato plants, round fruit (R) is dominant to oval fruit (r). Pure breeding plants with red and round fruit (FFRR) were crossed to pure breeding plants with yellow and oval fruit (ffrr). The red and round F1 progeny were then testcrossed to plants that were homozygous recessive for both genes (ffrr) with the following results: Phenotypes Number of Offspring Red and round 2 255 Red and oval 290 Yellow and round 310 Yellow and oval 2 145 Convert the expected phenotypic ratio from Part A into the expected probability for each of the four phenotypes and record them in the table below. Calculate the probability for each of the four phenotypes observed in the cross from the data presented at the beginning of the question by dividing the number of progeny in each class by the total number of progeny and record these in the table below. Probability = Number of Progeny in Phenotype Class ÷ Total Progeny Compare the expected probabilities of each phenotype to…. The normal eye color of Drosophila is red, but strains inwhich all flies have brown eyes are available. Similarly,wings are normally long, but there are strains with shortwings. A female from a pure line with brown eyes andshort wings is crossed with a male from a normal pureline. The F1 consists of normal females and short-wingedmales. An F2 is then produced by intercrossing the F1.Both sexes of F2 flies show phenotypes as follows:38 red eyes, long wings38 red eyes, short wings18 brown eyes, long wings18 brown eyes, short wingsDeduce the inheritance of these phenotypes; useclearly defined genetic symbols of your own invention.State the genotypes of all three generations and thegenotypic proportions of the F1 and F2.Unpacking Problem 31Before attempting a solution to this problem, try answering thefollowing questions:1. What does the word normal mean in this problem?2. The words line and strain are used in this problem.What do they mean, and are they interchangeable?3. Draw a simple…Four homozygous recessive mutant lines of Drosophilamelanogaster (labeled 1 through 4) showed abnormal legcoordination, which made their walking highly erratic.These lines were intercrossed; the phenotypes of the F1flies are shown in the following grid, in which “+” represents wild-type walking and “−” represents abnormalwalking:1 2 3 41 - + + +2 + - - +3 + - - +4 + + + -a. What type of test does this analysis represent?b. How many different genes were mutated in creatingthese four lines?c. Invent wild-type and mutant symbols, and write outfull genotypes for all four lines and for the F1 flies.d. Do these data tell us which genes are linked? If not,how could linkage be tested?e. Do these data tell us the total number of genes takingpart in leg coordination in this animal?
- An undergraduate researcher in your lab is studying mutations affecting the wings of Drosophila melanogaster. She has identified two mutant phenotypes of interest: bent wings (be), which are recessive to the wild-type straight wings (be+), and apterous (ap) mutants (which are wingless). The apallele is recessive to the wild-type allele (ap+), which allows wings to develop. If a homozygous bent-winged fly (which possesses the normal allele of apterous) is crossed with a homozygous wingless fly (which possesses the normal allele of bent wings), what phenotypic ratio would you expect to observe in the F2 generation of this cross? a) Please indicate the ratio, including the genotypes and phenotypes of all phenotypic classes. Phenotype: Genotype(s) corresponding to this phenotype Phenotypic ratio: (Be sure to NAME the classes in the ratio). B) Please NAME and DEFINE the type of gene interaction illustrated in this example.A student crossed a female worm homozygous for the dpy-17 e164 allele with a wild-type male worm heterozygous for dpy-17 e164. He then scored all of the developing eggs/larva for the Dpy phenotype. He found 88 with the Dpy phenotype and 98 wild type. Do a Chi square test on phenotypic data to determine if your data supports the hypothesis that the mutation segregates as a single-gene mutation. Show your work in a table and include Null hypothesis Χ2 value dof p value ConclusionYou are given a Drosophila female that looks wild-type but is heterozygous for mutations intan body (t), miniature wings (m), and white eyes (w). You test cross this female with a tanbodied, miniature winged, and white-eyed homozygous mutant male, and you obtain thefollowing 1400 progeny: Phenotype : number+ + + : 608t m w : 516+ m w : 2t + + : 6+ m + : 39t + w : 46+ + w : 81t m + : 102 Calculate the distance between each pair t-m, m-w, and t-w only using the number ofrecombinants between them (i.e. ignoring the gene in the middle). Draw a linear map with thedistances between genes.
