Defects are common in crystalline structures and play very important role in many physical-chemical properties. A. Name 10 common defects B. Discuss useful application of defects with 2 examples C. Discuss the disadvantages of defects with 2 examples D. The vacancy formation energy of NaCl is about 1.1eV. Calculate the approximate ratios of Schottky imperfections in the NaCl crystal at 300 K and 350 K. Discuss the result.

Defects are common in crystalline structures and play very important role in many physical-chemical properties. A. Name 10 common defects B. Discuss useful application of defects with 2 examples C. Discuss the disadvantages of defects with 2 examples D. The vacancy formation energy of NaCl is about 1.1eV. Calculate the approximate ratios of Schottky imperfections in the NaCl crystal at 300 K and 350 K. Discuss the result.

Physical Chemistry

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781133958437

Author:Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, Tomas

Publisher:Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, Tomas

Chapter21: The Solid State: Crystals

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 21.37E

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Lattice parameters of α and β phases were calculated from x-ray diffraction measurements performed in A-B alloys with different compositions, all quenched from 500, 600 and 700 °C. Draw a schematic A-B phase diagram using this information
Describe a-dislocations, c-dislocations and c+a dislocations, which may be possible in HCP crystals. Give specific examples from Mg and a-Zr. Include any citation(s) that you use to answer the question
Define defects ( point, line, planar or volume defects) and impurities in crystal structures. Are they favourable?
List three main types of crystal structure systems in metals, and illustrate the main differences between Body Centred Cubic, Face Centred Cubic and Hexagonal Close Packed structures, in terms of the atomic plane arrangements, Coordinate Number (CN) and Atomic Packing Factor (APF) calculations, with giving metal examples for each type and explain the effect of this difference on the metal properties
Estimate the mole fraction of Schottky and Frenkel defects in NaCl crystal at 1000K. The energies of the formation of these defects are 2eV and 3eV respectively.
For a BCC crystalline structure, determine the ratio of the planar density inthe (101) plane to the planar density in the (010) plane. Assume that the radius of theatoms in such structure is r.a. Draw the (101) and (010) planes on separate units cells.b. Calculate the ratio of Planar Density for (101) plane to Planar Density for (010)plane. Show all your calculations
PHASE DIAGRAMS CALCULATIONS THERE IS NO BETA PHASE (THEORETICAL DIAGRAM ATTACHED BELOW) Please explain answers for each part of question. i) What is the point X on the diagram called? ii) What is the composition of the alloy at this point? iii) What is the name given to the line Y? iv) What is the melting point of pure B? v) What is the maximum solubility of α in the β phase? vi) An alloy with a composition of 76 wt% A is a liquid at 350 °C. At which temperature will solid begin to form and at which temperature will it become completely solid? vii) For a 70 wt% A alloy determine the composition of the solid and liquid phases at 200 °C? viii) Considering the same alloy composition calculate the phase fraction of the solid and liquid phases at the same temperature.
What point defects are possible for Al2O3 as an impurity in MgO? How many Al3+ ions must be added to form each of these defects? Explain.
With specific reference to Pauling’s rules of crystal chemistry, explain, with the aid of labeled sketches why the polymerization of silicate tetrahedra or borate triangles can (and often does) occur in crystal structures, whereas the extended polymerization of carbonate triangles or sulfate tetrahedra is rare in mineral structures.
Calculate the planer density of planes (0:-1:-1) for BCC, and FCC crystal structures?
how do you calculate the planar density (100) and (110) of a simple cubic structure
What is the Madelung constant for MgO (rock salt) structure? Include only the first 3 terms. Give your answer to 3 significant figures.