Describe the evolution of circulatory systems in animals (include at least two invertebrate examples and three vertebrate examples). Explain how primitive animals accomplished the functions of circulatory systems, what changes prompted evolution of early circulatory systems, open vs. closed systems, and increasing compartmentalization of hearts

Q: How does the compound below cause DNA damage? (Hint: Look at the structure of the molecule.) NH₂ Br…

A: Introduction The given compound is ethidium bromide, It is commonly used as a non-radioactive marker…

Q: 1. What shapes your understanding of what is male and female?

A: The human body is a very complex creature made up of several systems. Each system in the human body…

Q: Generalized species are less vulnerable to environmental change than specialized species. O True O…

A: Species with smaller geographical ranges, narrow habitat breadths and specialized feeding behavior…

Q: 3.What is the relationship between surface properties and immune response? What are some tests that…

A: Answer :- The relationship between surface properties and immune response :-  An immune response is…

Q: The behavior an animal exhibits that relates to their resource exploitation within their habitat is…

A: Animals need a specific habitat and food for this survival due to which they have developed an…

Q: With aerobic training, enhanced fat usage occurs is primarily due to OA. decreased protein synthesis…

A: Introduction Aerobic exercise is physical exercise of low to high intensity that depends primarily…

Q: What is the cause of an extra band in a DNA ladder in agarose gel electrophoresis?

A: The following can lead to the formation of an extra band in the DNA ladder lane - 1. Contamination -…

Q: Which statement is true regarding plants and soil nutrition?     a. Potassium is a critical…

A: Introduction:- Soil is an important source of nutrients for plant growth. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus…

Q: LESSEU Some factors have been proven to increase the risk of mutations occurring. Which of these is…

A: Introduction :- A gamma ray, also known as gamma radiation, is a penetrating form of electromagnetic…

Q: ********* 0.0-0-0-0-0-0 000-0-0-0-0- ఈ చంద

A: DNA replication is the process by which the genome's DNA is copied in cells. Before a cell divides,…

Q: We talked about what makes an ideal trait for phylogenetic inference. Please match each of the…

A: The method of reconstructing the evolutionary history of related species by grouping them into ever…

Q: Bacteria that were once treatable through the application of antibiotics are now resistant to them,…

A: *Antibiotics are nothing but medicines that fight against bacterial infections by killing the…

Q: Explain, at the molecular level, why human genetic diseases often follow a simple Mendelian pattern…

A: Genes are the sets of nucleotides present in a chromosome that encode particular information…

Q: Vida works in the haematology laboratory of a small hospital. The laboratory’s haematology procedure…

A: Introduction A blood smear, also known as a peripheral blood smear or blood film, is a thin coating…

Q: 8. In cats, S = short hair, s = long hair, XC = black coat, XC = yellow coat, and XCXC calico coat.…

A: The alleles are the alternative forms of a gene that are located on the same locus of a homologous…

Q: A commercial stage micrometer has a total length of 1000 μm and is divide into 100 equal divisions.…

A: Introduction Meiosis is the cell division process that results in the formation of egg and sperm…

Q: What is the function of the promoter

A: Promoter is the site on DNA where proteins such as RNA polymerase and some transcrption factors…

Q: The organism Euprymna scolopes is most likely related to- B. Tasmanica euprymna. A. Nipponensis…

A: ANSWER)  (c) Euprymna Tasmanica The organism Euprymna scolopes is more closely related to Euprymna…

Q: Wild ungulates water depedency.

A: * wild ungulates respond to seasonal changes in temperature and precipitation by behavioural…

Q: If you mated an F' bacterial cell with lacl+ lacP+ lacO+ lacZ+ lacY+ on the bacterial chromosome and…

A: β-galactosidase gene (PbBGal2A) from Paenibacillus barengoltzii expressed in E. coli; the enzyme…

Q: 7) Which of the following is a contraindication to the antiarrhythmic Amiodarone?    A)…

A: Amiodarone is known to cause Second and Third degree Heart blocks Refractory hypotension

Q: Generalized species are less vulnerable to environmental change than specialized species. O True O…

A: Species It is typically defined as a collection of creatures that can reproduce spontaneously &…

Q: does a positive or negative interference reduce the distance between two loci

A: Genetic interference is, a phenomenon where the occurrence of one crossover inhibits or increases…

Q: ASHRAE standard 55, Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy, notes that for thermal…

A: A microbe is a living entity that is so tiny that it cannot be seen with the naked eye. Microbiology…

Q: Algal blooms occur due to the presence of an excess amount of nutrients, like phosphorus, in fresh…

A: Algal blooms are defined as the fast growth of algae in bodies of water.

Q: Which method provides the most accurate evidence for scientists to use when determining evolutionary…

A: Comparative anatomy is the study of the "similarities and dissimilarities" between various objects.…

Q: As the wolf scientists moved on to study a new population they only had their understanding of the…

A: Given -  Total number of wolves - 52 Number of wolves with light gray coat (recessive) - 10…

Q: Write the correct letter before the number for the best description of the different reproductive…

A: Biological species concept defines organisms as being, or not being of the same of the same species…

Q: A bacterial cell with the genotype: lacl* lacp+ laco lacz* lacy* is in a low/absent glucose,…

A: Lac operon is an example of gene regulation in prokaryotes.  Lac Operon is a group of genes with a…

Q: Escherichia coli's chromosome has a replication origin called OriC. Draw a schematic diagram to show…

A:

Q: S. aureus and MRSA strains are a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in the US. All of the…

A: Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of death in hospital related settings…

Q: The behavior an animal exhibits that relates to their resource exploitation within their habitat is…

A: Ecology is defined as the study of the environment, and it helps us understand how species coexist…

Q: Isotype refers to: different light chain constant region O different heavy chain variable regions O…

A:

Q: Which of the following statements is TRUE about buffers in the separation of DNA strands via gel…

A: Agarose gel electrophoresis is a fundamental technique in molecular biology that is used to view and…

Q: What is the role of the substrate? Is it really necessary to add substrates in ELISA? Why, or why

A: * ELISA is called as enzyme linked immunoassay which is used to detect antibodies in blood. *An…

Q: The man's genetic defect appears to be due to the mutation of the promoter region of a protein X.…

A: Sanger method is also known as enzymatic chsin termination method and was developed by Frederick…

Q: Question 43 The end of the Miocene brought what to Africa? drop in temperature reduced rainfall…

A: Human evolution is defined as "the process by which humans evolved on Earth from now-extinct apes."…

Q: entists can determine similarities or differences between two species by preparing DNA gels from…

A: Gel electrophoresis Gel electrophoresis is a electrophoretic method of seperation of the DNA…

Q: Table 13: Common Names and Scientific Names of Some Organisms Scientific Name Common Name Genus Name…

A: Introduction The science of naming, describing, and classifying groups of biological species based…

Q: What is the coliform test when is it used? What is its purpose? How does it function? What are the…

A: All water that is naturally exposed to the atmosphere, such as rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. It is…

Q: Describe cancer cell types and the differentiation process that occurs during cancer development.

A: Cancer cells are very notorious for causing high Morbidity and mortality among patients of various…

Q: Human Papillomaviruses has of many strains. Some of them cause warts while others can cause cancer.…

A: *Human papillomaviruses are type of viruses that causes abnormal tissue growth and cause other…

Q: Bacteria that were once treatable through the application of antibiotics are now resistant to them,…

A: Bacteria: Bacteria are small single-celled organisms. Bacteria are found almost everywhere on Earth.…

Q: What else can be done, in order to eliminate bacterial cells inside an organism, if phagocytosis…

A: Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms found in abundance in all environments, both…

Q: orange G (yellow) bromophenol blue (purple) xylene cyanol (blue)

A: Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory method used to separate mixtures of DNA, RNA, or proteins…

Q: In the regulation of glycogen phosphorylase, which of the following statements is true? The inactive…

A: * Glycogen phosphorylase is one of the phosphorylase enzymes that catalyzes  rate limiting step in…

Q: 4.Which of the following immune responses occurs when a cytotoxic T cell is activated? Note: This is…

A: Cytotoxic T cells:  A cytotoxic T cell (CD8+ T cell) is a lymphocyte that is responsible for…

Q: You are treating a young boy (age 12) who has been experiences severe episodes of hypoglycemia.…

A: hypoglycemia is a condition in which your blood sugar (glucose) level is lower than normal. Glucose…

Q: Alzheimer’s.

A:

Q: DNA polymerase δ: DNA polymerase III as ________ a. Helicase: RPA b. DNA ligase: DNA polymerase I…

A: a) RPA stimulates helicase-catalyzed DNA polymerase III unwinding, enlists translocases to sites of…