Describe the two mechanisms by which muscle glycogen is broken down to glucose (glycogenolysis) for use in glycolysis. Which one is activated at the same time as muscle contraction?

Q: During one cross-bridging cycle in striated muscle one ATP molecule is hydrolyzed. Explain the two…

A: In striated muscles, during a muscle contraction, tropomyosin has to change its conformation to…

Q: Discuss the steps in the hydrolysis of ATP by myosin and how these steps are coupled to the binding…

A: Myosin is the protein that converts ATP, a type of chemical energy to mechanical energy for the…

Q: How does the activity of tropomyosin and troponin in muscle contraction compare with the activity of…

A: Troponin is a globular protein. Tropomyosin is a protein associated with myosin. Troponin and…

Q: Draw a figure illustrating the relationship between ATP and creatine phosphate, and explainthe…

A: Unlike aerobic and anaerobic metabolic pathways, there are still many other pathways that have…

Q: If glucose is broken down in the muscle through aerobic respiration how much energy is produced?

A: In aerobic respiration, oxygen is used for respiration. Summary of aerobic respiration of glucose:…

Q: Explain why skeletal muscle cells contain many mitochondria.

A: Mitochondria is a cell organelle found in the cytoplasm eukaryotic cell. It is a double…

Q: Indicate three ways that muscle cells can generate ATP

A: Tissue is the next level organization of the cells. There are 4 different types of tissue are…

Q: What are two major functions of ATP hydrolysis in skeletal muscleactivity?

A: Muscles are soft tissues present in most animals. They contain protein filaments called actin and…

Q: What is the function of myosin light-chain kinase in smooth muscle?

A: The muscular framework is an organ framework comprising of skeletal, smooth and heart muscles. It…

Q: Outline the signaling events that lead to resistance training-induced increases in muscle growth.

A: “Resistance training” causes an increase in the size or mass of a muscle. This happens because of…

Q: How is it possible that both insulin andepine phrine stimulate muscle glycolysis?

A: Insulin is a peptide hormone secreted by the pancreas while epinephrine (adrenaline) is a…

Q: How do muscle cells continuously synthesize ATP?

A: BASIC INFORMATION  MUSCLE It is a type of soft tissue which are found in most of the animals. The…

Q: Muscle contraction is the result of critical steps characterized by conformational changes to…

A: Muscle contraction is the result of critical steps characterized by conformational changes to…

Q: Contrast the “classic” method of achieving a supercompensation of the muscle glycogen stores with…

A: Glycogen could be a multibranched saccharide of aldohexose that is a style of energy storage in…

Q: Explain differences in mitochondria for the three types of muscle fiber: slow twitch, fast twitch…

A: Muscle fibers are cylindrical fibers composed of myofibrils. They have more than one nucleus and…

Q: What is the normal end product of anaerobic exercise in muscle?

A: An anaerobic exercise is a form of exercise that uses no oxygen to break down glucose in the body.…

Q: Which of the following is NOT a stock form of the key molecules for energy generation in muscle? A.…

A: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used to generate energy in muscles. A significant amount of ATP is…

Q: Outline the signal- transduction cascade for glycogen degradation in muscle.

A: Glycogen is stored form of carbohydrates in mammals. Glycogen serves as a fuel during exercise.…

Q: Why is the muscle glycogen higher than normal?

A: Glycogen is considered as the complex form of the carbohydrate, which acts as an energy source.…

Q: Describe the interrelationships among muscle work, oxygen consumptionand cardiac output.

A: Oxygen consumption, Muscle work, and cardiac Output are interrelated.  Cardiac output and oxygen…

Q: Describe the changes that occur in skeletal muscle as a result of endurance training. Include a…

A: Endurance training is sustained physical exercise to improve the endurance of an individual.…

Q: In human resting muscle cells, the concentration of ATP is 4 mM, ADP is 0.013 mM, creatine-phosphate…

A: Muscle fibers are a type of cell found throughout the muscular system. This fiber's primary job is…

Q: a. List two compounds that can be produced from pyruvate in skeletal muscle b. What are the enzymes…

A: The pyruvate or pyruvic acid is the end product of glycolysis which is the first step of cellular…

Q: Which of the following statements is true about the control of muscle glycogen phosphorylase? a) It…

A: The statement A i.e. It is activated by phosphorylation by an active phosphorylase kinase is TRUE.

Q: In an isometric contraction, the muscle ________." shortens without a load does not change in…

A: Muscle is a soft tissue composed of cells or fibers mostly found in animals. Cells of muscle consist…

Q: catalyzes the reaction that creates creatine phosphate in skeletal muscle   A Creatine phosphatase…

A: Creatine phosphate is the main high-energy, phosphate-storage molecule of muscle.It is primarily…

Q: During vigorous effort in muscle cells, ATP stores are quickly depleted. However, creatine phosphate…

A: Given that, During vigorous effort in muscle cells, ATP stores are quickly depleted. However,…

Q: Without acetylcholine esterase (AChe) will the action of skeletal muscle increase, decrease or not…

A: Acetylcholine esterase is an enzyme ;which play very important role in our body by catalyzing the…

Q: How does the conversion of pyruvate to lactate take place in muscle?

A: Introduction: Pyruvate formed at the end of glycolysis is reduced to lactic acid under anaerobic…

Q: A fatigued muscle lacks sufficient oxygen for the aerobic respiration to supply needed ATP. The…

A: During aerobic metabolism of glucose in a cell, the glucose gets metabolized to pyruvate or pyruvic…

Q: Explain how production of lactate from pyruvate can promote glycolysis in the muscle cells

A: Introduction: Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is decreased by NADH to lactate in presence of…

Q: Explain in detail why fast-twitch fibers will use anaerobic respiration rather than aerobic…

A: Fast-twitch fibers are used for rapid bursts or intense movements while slow-twitch fibers are used…

Q: catalyzes the reaction that creates creatine phosphate in skeletal muscle A. Creatine phosphatase B.…

A: Creatine phosphate is a phosphorylated creatine molecule, which serves as a rapidly mobilizable…

Q: In absence of oxygen, pyruvate is converted into lactate in muscle because

A: Anaerobic glycolysis is the process where glucose is converted to lactate when sufficient amounts of…

Q: The Km of muscle hexokinase is relatively At average blood glucose concentrations its active site is…

A: Hexokinase is an enzyme that converts hexoses (six-carbon sugars) to hexose phosphate. The most…

Q: How do muscles convert the chemical energy of ATP into force and movement during a contraction?

A: Muscles are the organs that can change their length to cause movement of the body and body parts.

Q: Muscle soreness following depletion of oxygen during strenuous exercise is due in part to a buildup…

A: Introduction :- Muscle soreness is a side effect of the stress that exercise places on muscles. It's…

Q: a. List two compounds that can be produced from pyruvate in skeletal muscle

A: Respiration is a catabolic, biochemical process, that involves the stepwise, complete or incomplete…

Q: Refer to the figure below. VI ATP II ADP II ADP ADP (P) Reference: Ref 20-2 In the figure, which…

A: Myosin filament - two heavy spiral chains wrapped each other. Actin filament - it is double atender,…

Spheres of physical activity

The spheres of physical activity experience include aspects of everyday life where physical activity is important. In general, the spheres recognize various purposes of physical activity in different contexts. The spheres of physical activity provide a broad basis for assessing the significance and prevalence of physical activity. There are seven spheres of physical activity experience.