Determine which of the following does not follow Hund's Rule   ↑↓ ↑       ↑   ↑   ↑↓ ↑↑ ↑       ↑↓ ↑         a. 1st row only b. 1st and 3rd row c. 1st, 2nd and 3rd row d. none

Q: Which of the following are chiral? (Choose all the

A: Chiral compounds are those which does not contain a plane of symmetry as well as a centre of…

Q: From the pair of compounds below, which is a weaker base? IZ NH₂

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Q: You have seen Lineweaver Burke and MM Plots. Another way to express kinetic data is to make an Eadie…

A: We need to use the Michaelis-Menton equation to solve the problem.

Q: Which of the following is not a function of proteins? 1) Energy Provider 2) Metabolic regulation 3)…

A: Proteins are polypeptides consisting of various amino acids. Proteins are having tons of potential…

Q: After dissolving HCI in water, the final concentration of H3O+ is 6.51x10-¹. What is the pH of this…

A: Hydronium ion concentration is an important parameter of an aqueous solution. The concentration of…

Q: calculate the Eºcell for a galvanic cell constructed using zinc (Zn) and silver (Ag) electrodes.

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Q: Which of the following alcohols will be oxidized by potassium permanganate to form a ketone?…

A: An oxidizing agent is a substance that causes oxidation by accepting electrons their four it gets…

Q: The rate of a certain reaction is given by the following rate law: e-k[NO]¹[0₂] Use this information…

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Q: (5) (aq) + 4H₂O Cl(aq) 1₂01) Br(aq) D(g) + 2H₂O(1) (s) (aq) (aq) (OH)₂ (s) + 2OH(aq) (s) OCI (aq) +…

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Q: Complete these equations by drawing the structure of the missing reactants (2) and (3) in each…

A: Given : structure of product.

Q: A a B C

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Q: 7) (a) Assign the following terms to the EI mass spectrum below: base peak, molecul peak, and…

A: To assign the base peak, molecular ion peak and the fragment ion peak to the given mass spectrum.…

Q: Provide the correct IUPAC name for the compound shown here. H₂C. 5- 1- 6- 2- CH3 cyclo tri iso di…

A: Nomenclature of anhydride compounds is based on the numberings of functional group. And later…

Q: #7: Draw/sketch representative structures for (a) homopolymers, (b) alternating copolymers, (c)…

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Q: Write the empirical formula for at least four ionic compounds that could be formed from the…

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Q: A gas that has a volume of 286 microliters, a temperature of 119 Fahrenheit and unknown pressure has…

A: Answer: This question is based on ideal gas equation which is mentioned below: PV=nRTPVT=nR Here:…

Q: QB. In the following compounds identify, with an arrow, the position that is most reactive towards…

A: Electron donating groups enhance the electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction whereas…

Q: Determine the ion pairs for each reactant followed by the new ion pairs for the products. Enter a…

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Q: 3. Suggest a precipitation method for separation of K* from Na+ and Lit.

A: ANSWER: There is a method for the separation of K+ ions from the Na+ and Li+ ions by precipitation…

Q: Which of the following reactions does not have a Solubility Product (Ksp)?       AgCl(s)←→Ag+(aq) +…

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Q: Consider the following system at equilibrium where AH° = -16.1 kJ, and Kc = 154, at 298 K. 2NO(g) +…

A: Given  2NO(g) + Br₂ (g) → 2 NOBr (g) Kc = 154 at 298k 0.11 moles of Br2 (g ) add

Q: Identify and balance the half-equations in the following unbalanced equation in an acid solution:…

A: Given : reaction

Q: At 330. C, the rate constant for the second order decomposition of NO₂ is 0.775M-1s-1 if the initial…

A: Given , Temperature = 330°C

Q: In lab, a student obtained the following times for Mixtures 1-3. Using the volumes, concentrations,…

A: The iodide ions are oxidized by the persulfate ions to form Iodine, due to which the solution…

Q: Use the following molecular orbital diagrams to determine which of the following molecules, O₂²+,…

A: Given : molecules and molecular diagram

Q: 4. When 15.0 mL of a 2.84x10-4 M ammonium carbonate, (NH4)2CO3, solution is combined with 12.0 mL of…

A: Answer: Precipitation of a weak salt only takes place when its ionic product in the solution becomes…

Q: Br dilute NaOH (7) a. In the reaction shown above, identify which reactant is the nucleophile and…

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Q: Question 52 The reaction 2HCl(g) ⇌ H2(g) + Cl2(g) has Kc = 3.2 × 10−34 at 25 °C. If the reaction…

A: Recall the given reaction,                     2 HCl g  ↔  H2 g  +  Cl2 g                    Kc =…

Q: Consider the following reaction: 2CH3OH(g)→2CH4 (g) + O2(g), AH = +252.8 kJ

A: 2CH3OH(g) -----> 2CH4(g) + O2(g)   ∆H = +252.8 kJ

Q: In aqueous solution the A1³+ ion forms a complex with six fluoride anions. Write the formation…

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Q: When one mole of an ideal gas is compressed adiabatically to exactly one-sixth of its original…

A: V1  =initial volume = V     T1 = initial temp =269 KV2  =final volume= V6 ,  T2 =final temp =409…

Q: Br ... C Br D

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Q: Question 55b Draw the structure of the E isomer of the following molecule CHCI=CCICH₂CH3

A: E and Z isomerism is a type of stereoisomerism which involves arrangement of priority groups on the…

Q: draw the lewis structure for 3 constitutional isomers that molecular formula C4H8BrF

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Q: Cyclobutane decomposes when heated in a first order reaction to give ethylene by the reaction shown…

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Q: The figure below represents the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOS) and the lowest…

A: Red shift means longer wavelength while blue shift means shorter wavelength.

Q: 2.765 g of silver nitrate (169.9 g/mol) were mixed with 5.432 g of potassium chloride (74.55 g/mol)…

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Q: The reaction Cl2(g) + F2(g) ⇌ 2ClF(g) has Kc = 1.0 ×109 at a certain temperature. If 1.0 mol Cl2…

A: we have to select the correct statement for the given equilibrium reaction

Q: Choose the correct molecular formula for the following stick structure:

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Q: The hybridization scheme for BeF2 is sp3 O sp2 O sp O none of the above

A: During orbital hybridization, the mixing of atomic orbitals takes place to form new orbitals known…

Q: A 18.4 mg sample is made up of isotopically enhanced C6F14, using the same procedure described in…

A:

Q: What is the enthalpy change for this reaction, in kilojoules per mole of magnesium reacting? 0.468 g…

A: Moles of Mg reacting = 0.0193 mol

Q: Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning water? a. Water is a universal solvent…

A: Water dissociate ionic compounds into positive and negative ions. Positive part of ionic compound is…

Q: Sulfur trioxide has no dipole moment (i.e. is not a polar molecule), but arsenic trifluoride has a…

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Q: What is the bond length of a C:C bond of benzene? A. 1.4 Å B. 1530 pm C. 0.16 nm D. it depends if…

A: The detailed explanation is provided below.

Q: In a thermonuclear device, the pressure of 5000 ml of a gas within the bomb casing reaches 7.36 x…

A: Answer: This question is based on Boyle's law which suggests that at constant temperature, product…

Q: The reaction below proceeds at a certain temperature. We find that the total pressure of the gases…

A: At equilibrium, the rate of the forward and the reverse reaction is the same and the concentration…

Q: Is this an endothermic or ex other mic reaction

A: The energy difference between the products and reactants is known as the energy change of a…

Q: Silver carbonate has a K-5.65x10-12 and a solubility of 0.0001122 M in water. Solid silver carbonate…

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Q: ( Consider a galvanic cell involving tin(II) and iron (II) and the corresponding Sn and Fe…

A:

Basics in Organic Reactions Mechanisms

In organic chemistry, the mechanism of an organic reaction is defined as a complete step-by-step explanation of how a reaction of organic compounds happens. A completely detailed mechanism would relate the first structure of the reactants with the last structure of the products and would represent changes in structure and energy all through the reaction step.

Heterolytic Bond Breaking

Heterolytic bond breaking is also known as heterolysis or heterolytic fission or ionic fission.  It is defined as breaking of a covalent bond between two different atoms in which one atom gains both of the shared pair of electrons. The atom that gains both electrons is more electronegative than the other atom in covalent bond. The energy needed for heterolytic fission is called as heterolytic bond dissociation energy.

Polar Aprotic Solvent

Solvents that are chemically polar in nature and are not capable of hydrogen bonding (implying that a hydrogen atom directly linked with an electronegative atom is not found) are referred to as polar aprotic solvents. Some commonly used polar aprotic solvents are acetone, DMF, acetonitrile, DMSO, etc.  

Oxygen Nucleophiles

Oxygen being an electron rich species with a lone pair electron, can act as a good nucleophile. Typically, oxygen nucleophiles can be found in these compounds- water, hydroxides and alcohols. 

Carbon Nucleophiles

We are aware that carbon belongs to group IV and hence does not possess any lone pair of electrons. Implying that neutral carbon is not a nucleophile then how is carbon going to be nucleophilic? The answer to this is that when a carbon atom is attached to a metal (can be seen in the case of organometallic compounds), the metal atom develops a partial positive charge and carbon develops a partial negative charge, hence making carbon nucleophilic.