Differentiate reducing sugars from non-reducing sugars

Q: ATP is the primary source of cellular energy. What qualities of ATP make it a useful energy…

A: ATP acts as the “energy currency” of the cell. The energy that is released during fuel oxidation in…

Q: When the citrate cycle is inhibited, which two metabolites are exported to the cytosol for fatty…

A: Citric acid cycle -  it is also called as Krebs cycle or the TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle)…

Q: Identify the structures a-d. (a) (b) (c) (d)

A: Proteins are large biomolecules made up of amino acid residues linked via a peptide bond. Amino…

Q: true or false:  The conversion of orotidine 5’-monophosphate (OMP) to uridine monophosphate (UMP)…

A: Orotidine 5'-monophosphate (OMP), also known as orotidylic acid, is a pyrimidine nucleotide .

Q: In prokaryotic RNA synthesis the rate of incorporation of nucleotides is constant throughout the…

A: In prokaryotes, RNA synthesis is carried out the enzyme RNA Polymerase. RNA Polymerase read the DNA…

Q: How does insulin cause an increase in the rate of glucose transport into cells when blood glucose…

A: Insulin is a peptide hormone that helps to maintain the glucose levels in the blood. When there is…

Q: Choose the correct path taken by a pair of electrons as they travel down the electron-transport…

A: Electron transport chain consists of a group of protein complexes in the mitochondrial membrane…

Q: Epinephrine has the following structure. Which of the following amino acids are used by the…

A: Phe, Val, and Leu are hydrophobic amino acids that do not participate in H bonds or electrostatic…

Q: In an immunoassay, antibodies used to recognize and bind to antigens are called primary antibodies…

A: Immunoassays are used to detect the presence of an antigen (or even an antibody).  Primary…

Q: Palmitate is a 16-carbon fatty acid. After complete B-oxidation of one molecule of palmitate, how…

A: Beta oxidation is the oxidation or catabolism of fatty acids that take place in mitochondria. Two…

Q: If the AH for a reaction is -4 kJ/mol and the AS is 20 J/(molK), which of the following statements…

A: Delta G or the change in standard Gibb's free energy of a reaction is a quantity which indicates the…

Q: Which of the following polypeptides would be most likely to form an a helix? Explain your answer.…

A: A polypeptide chain folds into a protein in its native, three-dimensional form through a process…

Q: . A. Many bacterial fatty acids contain branches and even rings. What effect would you expect these…

A: Some bacteria are able to survive under harsh settings that are hostile to nearly all other forms of…

Q: Meselson-Stahl Experiment showed that DNA replication is semi-conservative. In the experiment, DNA…

A: DNA replication is the biological process by which two identical replicas of DNA from one original…

Q: 9. In pre-historic earth, where there exist no protein enzyme, ribozymes (ribose enzymes) seems to…

A: The most significant molecules in cell biology are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid…

Q: Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by which contributing factor? - Increasing Keq -Formation…

A: Enzymes as biocatalysts catalyse the biochemical reactions by decreasing the activation energy so…

Q: You are sequencing the following DNA molecule 3'- GACTACCGAAATTAT-5. Assume the annealing primer…

A: As per the Watson-Crick model of the DNA double helix: DNA is made up of two strands of…

Q: Which of the following statements concerning insulin is NOT true? a. Insulin can increase glycogen…

A: Glycolysis is the metabolic process that breaks down glucose into pyruvate. Gluconeogenesis if the…

Q: A Moving to anothe estion 18 Articular cartilage has little to no self-healing ability. It is…

A: It is also called as hyaline cartilage. It is firm but slightly elastic or flexible cartilage of…

Q: Synthesized proteins are processed either inside the organelles or in the cytoplasm   True…

A: Proteins are the biological molecules with great diversity in structure and function. They are made…

Q: True or False: Passive-mediated transport proteins lower the delta G of transport to create the…

A: Introduction :- The question is all about transport of molecules by diffusion I. e. Active and…

Q: Carnitine combines with fatty acids groups to form acyl carnitine through carnitines ____ group…

A: Beta-oxidation of fatty acids occurs in mitochondria. Before beta-oxidation starts each fatty acids…

Q: Which of the following is NOT a secondary database for structural classification of proteins?…

A: Proteins are polymers of amino acid that have five functional role.  Protein databases are…

Q: O SCOA COASH

A: This particular Retro-Claisen reaction is carried our by the enzyme Thiolase. This particular…

Q: Determine the amount of glucose in the unknown sample by plotting a standard curve of Absorbance at…

A: Here we are conducting an assay to determine the amount of glucose in an unknown sample. For this,…

Q: Describe the role of each of the membrane proteins shown in the picture below.  Think about what is…

A: The NADH and FADH2 formed during the glycolysis and TCA cycle transfer electrons to the oxygen. The…

Q: 5. ( Polyphenoloxidase is involved in the darkening of wheat products due to its oxidative effect on…

A: Enzymes are highly specialized proteins that have extraordinary catalytic power, greater than that…

Q: Explain the rationale of dissolution of drugs according to pH? What is the pH of gastric fluid? What…

A: Dissolution of drugs is the process by which drugs dissolve in a liquid medium (generally the…

Q: Which of the following statements regarding CoQ is false    a. It resides in the inner…

A: ETC consist of four protein complexes called Complex I, II, III and IV that transport electron from…

Q: Which of the following statements concerning fatty acid oxidation is NOT true? O a. The way of fatty…

A: Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with a hydrocarbon chain ranging from 4 carbon to 36 carbons.…

Q: Beer’s Law: In serum cholesterol analysis, if the grad. cylinder that measured the acetic acid…

A: A spectrophotometer can measure the amount of light absorbed by a biomolecule and we can use that…

Q: Mercury poisoning would affect which of the following? OA) Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. B)…

A: Mercury poisoning  is a disease caused by exposure to mercury or its toxic compounds. Mercury is a…

Q: How much ATP would be generated by having one molecule of oxaloacetate being completely oxidized to…

A: In glycolysis, a 6-carbon molecule of glucose-6-phosphate is broken down into 3-carbon pyruvate by…

Q: how do we name the bond between monomer B and monomer C

A: Chemically carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones. They have the general formula :…

Q: Cells have an intracellular [Ca²+] = 0.1 µM. If cells hydrolyzed 1 mol of ATP under standard…

A: Gibbs free energy change for the ion to move across the membrane (both chemical and electrical…

Q: Determine how many water molecules are used to completely oxidize Lignocerate (24:0) 8 10 014 011 9…

A: Fatty acids are long chain hydrocarbons with a carboxyl end. Glycogen is the storage form of…

Q: Compared to an uncatalyzed reaction, an enzyme-catalyzed reaction ________. A) uses less substrate…

A: Enzyme kinetics is the study of the rates of chemical processes that are catalyzed by enzymes. The…

Q: Metabolism processes that generate fadh2 are select all that apply  beta oxidation…

A: FAD is a derivative of the vitamin B2 or Riboflavin. It acts as coenzyme in most of the oxidation…

Q: What must happen first in order for dietary fats (triacylglycerols) to be digested? REME A) They…

A: Unlike carbohydrates and protein, lipids are a class of biological macromolecules that are not…

Q: NADH is generated at which of the following enzyme site(s) in the citric acid cycle? OA) Aconitase.…

A: Citric acid cycle is the second step in aerobic cellular respiration. This stage results in the…

Q: Which of the following statements about gluconeogenesis is TRUE? Gluconeogenesis is one way to…

A: The term "gluconeogenesis" describes a collection of metabolic processes that take place in the…

Q: What are the primary metabolic fates of pyruvate? OA) Ethanol. OB) Lactate. C) Acetyl CoA. OD) All…

A: Pyruvate is the conjugate base of pyruvic acid that is the simplest alpha-keto acids. It is a key…

Q: In TCA cycle, FADH2 is formed in reaction(s) catalyzed by a. Succinyl-CoA synthetase b. Succinate…

A: In aerobic condition, pyruvate in the presence of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex produces Acetyl…

Q: describe the relationship between a proto-oncogene and an oncogene, and explain how one arises from…

A: Proto oncogenes is a normal gene but when mutated it  turns into oncogene and gets the potential to…

Q: why are fast acting neurotransmitters typically are small molecules?

A: Neurotransmitter is a signaling molecule secreted by neurons to affect another cell across a…

Q: Consider the equilibrium of arginine below: NH₂ NH₂ H₂N: 0 NH OH H₂NE pKa-2.17 NH3 NH H₂N: pKa 9.04…

A: The proteins are constituted of 20 naturally occurring amino acids. The net charge on an amino acid…

Q: Some enzymes are used in the clinical lab to diagnose diseases. There are two specific markers for…

A: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) catalyses the following reaction: Lactate + NAD+ ↔ Pyruvate + NADH + H+…

Q: Response elements are similar to operons in that they are controlled by a single promoter are…

A: The transcription of genes is controlled by response elements, which are brief DNA sequences found…

Q: Which three statements below describe critical functions of ubiquinone (Q) in the electron transport…

A: Ubiquinone is also known as Coenzyme Q (CoQ). Ubiquinone occurs in three redox states of CoQ-…

Q: Scheme of galactose catabolism. Enzymopathies

A: Galactose (Gal), also known as "milk sugar," is a monosaccharide sugar that is about as sweet as…