Discuss the processes of conjugation, transformation (Griffith’s experiment), andtransduction. What is transposon gene?

Q: What are the two basic types of transposons?

A: Transposable element is otherwise known as transposons and they are characterized by the DNA segment…

Q: discuss what is mutagenesis and what mechanisms are invloved?

A: Mutagenesis : It is the process by which an organism's deoxyribonucleic acid change , resulting in a…

Q: What is a non replicative conservative transposon?

A: Transposons are the DNA segment that is known to move from one location to another within a genome.…

Q: What difficulties arise in the polymerase chain reaction if there is contamination of the DNA that…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA is a nucleic acid that composed of two polynucleotide chain that is…

Q: Describe the main steps in using the polymerase chain reaction to amplify a small amount of DNA.

A: Polymerase chain reaction or PCR is a technique which has been used widely to produce multiple…

Q: What is transformation in cloning?

A: Cloning is a process of taking the complete genetic information of an organism and recreating…

Q: What two molecular mechanisms can result in gene conversion?Do both occur in the double-strand break…

A: A gene is a stretch of nucleotides present in the DNA. DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer of…

Q: Do you consider TEs to be mutagens? Explain.

A: Mutation is defined as sudden inheritable change that occurs in the DNA sequence. Mutation occurs…

Q: Can exonuclease be used while producing a recombinant DNA molecule?

A: Introduction: Genetic engineering can be defined as a method to use recombinant DNA or rDNA…

Q: How does homologous recombination differ from site-specific recombination?

A: Recombination is a process by which pieces of DNA are broken and recombined to produce new…

Q: What is the difference between transposons and retrotransposons?

A: All cellular systems are controlled by proteins. Proteins are synthesized by the cell by a process…

Q: Explain the RNA-first hypothesis ?

A: BASIC INFORMATION  RNA There is presence of single helix. The bases present in this are Adenine,…

Q: What is the   significance of transposons?

A: Transposons are also known as jumping genes and are mobile genetic elements. They can reshuffle the…

Q: What are the components needed for the processes of transformation conjugation and transduction? How…

A: The recipient bacterium during transformation occurs in the extracellular donor DNA. The donor DNA…

Q: What is the difference between positive and negative supercoiling?

A: The DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material that is inherited by offspring over…

Q: What are site specific recombinases? Distinguish between serine and tyrosine recombinases.

A: The process that involves exchange of genetic material between same or different organisms that…

Q: Why transposons are called jumping genes?

A: A sequence of DNA sequence that has the ability to move or insert itself at a new location in the…

Q: Describe various ways in which the sequence of DNA is verified or corrected. Why are there so many…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA is a molecule comprising of two helical polypeptide strands wound…

Q: Outline four key steps involved in producing a recombinant DNA

A: Answer. Recombinant DNA technology  (RDT) is also known as genetic engineering or cloning) is…

Q: Define the reverse transcriptase ?

A: Enzymes are known to be the biological catalyst of living organisms. They are synthesized and…

Q: explain Lederberg and Tatum experiment showing conjugation

A: Bacteria are the tiny microbes that inhabit almost every place. Conjugation is the transfer of…

Q: How do these engineered nucleases effect a change in the genomic DNA sequence?

A: Genome editing is a technique used to precisely and efficiently modify DNA within a cell. It…

Q: Why would telomerase be considered a reverse transcriptase?

A: Telomerase: It is also known as a terminal transferase. A telomere present on the end position of…

Q: The enzyme that removes RNA primers attached by Primase is?

A: A primer is a short and single-stranded nucleic acid which is utilized by all living organisms in…

Q: How many transposons are in the human genome?

A: Transposons or transposable elements (TE) are the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) sequences that can…

Q: What are the functions of primer and Taq polymerase?

A: Polymerase chain reaction used to make thousands of copies of DNA from very small amount of the DNA…

Q: Why is the genome contained within a membrane?

A: A genome is a complete set of "genetic information" in an organism. It stores all of the information…

Q: What are major principles of DNA cloning?

A: DNA cloning refers to the production of large number of identical DNA from a single DNA. DNA cloning…

Q: What is the meaning of conjugation in biology?

A: Biology is the division of science that deals with life and living organisms, like their structure,…

Q: What is gene conversion? How does it arise?

A: Gene conversion is a process in which a homologous sequence is replaced by the one DNA sequence in a…

Q: How can transposons be used in bacterial genetics?

A: Transposable elements are known as stretches of DNA molecules and they can move from one place to…

Q: What are the types of transposons? Please explain in detail how transposons contribute to genome…

A: Some mobile genomic components have been named as mobile genetic elements or transposable elements…

Q: describe Site-Specific Recombination

A: Site-specific recombination moves specialized nucleotide sequences between nonhomologous sites…

Q: what is the Compares and contrasts transformation, transduction, and conjugation

A: In transformation, a bacterium takes up a piece of DNA floating in its environment. In transduction,…

Q: How can these designed nucleases modify the sequence of genomic DNA?

A: A nuclease is a protein that can break the phosphodiester links between nucleotides in nucleic…

Q: How does somatic recombination differ from alternative splicing of RNA?

A: Recombination of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) refers to the formation of new DNA as a result of the…

Q: Explain how site-directed mutagenesis can be used to produce an altered protein in bacterial cells.

A: Site-directed mutagenesis is a molecular biology technique that is used to make specific and…

Q: According to the double-strand break model, does gene conversionnecessarily involve DNA mismatch…

A: Gene Conversion means a modification or conversion of one or two alleles of a gene by the other,…

Q: What is the purpose of transformation in molecular biology?

A: In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is the genetic material of an organism. It…

Q: Why are X rays more potent mutagens than UV radiation?

A: Mutations arise due to permanent alterations occurred in the genotypes of organisms which cause…

Q: What is natural transformation in biology?

A: In biology transformation is the process of genetic alteration of a cell. In this process an…

Q: Explain how DNA is sequenced by the Sanger chain termination method

A: DNA is a polymer of multiple nucleotides connected together via phosphodiester bonds. A nucleotide…

Q: what is simple  transposon?

A: Introduction: A transposon is a segment of DNA that possess the ability for transposition or move…

Genetic Recombination

Recombination is crucial to this process because it allows genes to be reassorted into diverse combinations. Genetic recombination is the process of combining genetic components from two different origins into a single unit. In prokaryotes, genetic recombination takes place by the unilateral transfer of deoxyribonucleic acid. It includes transduction, transformation, and conjugation. The genetic exchange occurring between homologous deoxyribonucleic acid sequences (DNA) from two different sources is termed general recombination. For this to happen, an identical sequence of the two recombining molecules is required. The process of genetic exchange which occurs in eukaryotes during sexual reproduction such as meiosis is an example of this type of genetic recombination.

Microbial Genetics

Genes are the functional units of heredity. They transfer characteristic information from parents to the offspring.