What is linker scanning mutagenesis?

Q: What is the name of the DNA duplication process? What is the main enzyme that participates in it?

A: Every living cell divides to form multiple cells. During this division process, there is another…

Q: How do you clone a 4 kb promoter from a genomic cell preparation?

A: Genome is the complete set of genetic material present in the nucleus of a cell. It houses all the…

Q: What is central dogma of molecular genetics? How does it work ?

A: The Central Dogma was first proposed in 1958 by Francis Crick. He was also the discoverer of the…

Q: What is positional cloning?

A: Gene cloning is the process in which any gene of interest is amplified, that is, several copies of…

Q: What is a non replicative conservative transposon?

A: Transposons are the DNA segment that is known to move from one location to another within a genome.…

Q: What vectors can be used for cloning?

A: Introduction: Vectors are the molecular vehicles used for the transfer of genes of interest into the…

Q: What is transformation in cloning?

A: Cloning is a process of taking the complete genetic information of an organism and recreating…

Q: What is the principle of next generation sequencing?

A: The process of determining the nucleic acid sequence is known as DNA sequencing.

Q: List three possible uses of site-directed mutagenesis

A: BASIC INFORMATION MUTATION  It is sudden or discontinuous variation These changes occurs in the…

Q: What is a transversion mutation?

A: Mutations are the alterations or the changes that occur in the DNA. Mutations are variations in…

Q: What are deletion mutation with suitable example?

A: Mutations are the alterations or the changes that occur in the DNA. Mutations are variations in…

Q: What are selectable markers and why are they important to cloning vectors?

A: In recombinant DNA technology the vectors are the carrier for the target DNA sequence which needed…

Q: How can the Ames test distinguish mutagens that cause small insertions/deletions from those that…

A: *Ames test  a biological assay to find the mutagenic potential of an chemical compound which…

Q: What is a retromer?

A: Cell surface receptor are the receptor that are embedded in the plasma membrane of cells. They act…

Q: What is a multiple cloning site, and what is insertionalinactivation?

A: A DNA segment characterized by the presence of multiple restriction sites is known as the multiple…

Q: What are ‘Selectable marker’? What is their use in genetic engineering?

A: Genetic engineering is a technique to manipulate the genetic content of an organism resulting in…

Q: What are mutagenicagents?

A: Mutagen is an agent that may be a physical or chemical which changes the genetic material.

Q: How to reverse a frame-shift mutation caused by adding one nucleotide base?

A: The genetic mutation caused by the insertion or deletion of a number of nucleotides that are not…

Q: What is a cloning vector? Give two examples.

A: A cloning vector is a small piece of DNA that can be stably maintained in an organism, and into…

Q: How is exome sequencing helps in identifying mutations?

A: Exome sequencing refers to the genomic technique in which the sequencing of all the protein-coding…

Q: What is the likely consequence of a frameshift mutation?

A: A mutation occurs/happens when the sequence/structure of DNA is altered. Mutations can occur as a…

Q: How many restriction fragment length polymorphisms are there in the humangenome?

A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…

Q: How many transposons are in the human genome?

A: Transposons or transposable elements (TE) are the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) sequences that can…

Q: What is gene gun ?

A: The technique of tissue culture is used for genetic engineering. In this method tissue samples are…

Q: How are different variable region sequences generated?

A: Ans: The variable regions of the antibody have two chains heavy and light chains. They form a part…

Q: What is the basic principle of positional cloning?

A:

Q: What is frameshift mutation?

A: Mutations are alterations in the genetic material present in the cell of a living organism or of a…

Q: What are base analogs and why are they mutagenic?

A: Introduction :- A mutagen is a substance that can cause DNA mutations by chemical or physical means.…

Q: How can transposons be used in bacterial genetics?

A: Transposable elements are known as stretches of DNA molecules and they can move from one place to…

Q: What is a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)? How are SNPs used in genomic studies?

A: Single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs) are a type of polymorphism that involves a single base pair…

Q: What are the roles of the restriction enzyme and selective plating in cloning a gene?

A: Introduction :- DNA-cutting enzymes are restriction enzymes. Each enzyme detects a single or a few…

Q: What is microsatellite polymorphism?

A: Polymorphism:   It is set place in population when two members or at least two or more members of…

Q: What are frame-shift insertion?

A: Mutations are changes that occurs in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence, either due to…

Q: How does positional cloning work and What is the basic principle of positional cloning?

A: Positional cloning is a technique used in laboratories for locating the position of…

Q: What is the purpose of transgenesis?

A: Genetic engineering is the process of using recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology to alter the genetic…

Q: what are Several Limitations of positional cloning?

A: Positional cloning is one of the laboratory technique of gene identification. In this method, gene…

Q: What is substitution RNA editing ?

A: Introduction RNA editing is the process of changing the amino acid sequence of RNA nucleotides. This…

Q: What is   transgenesis?

A: A gene is a sequence of nucleotides in RNA or DNA that encodes the synthesis of a gene product,…

Q: What is the purpose of transformation in molecular biology?

A: In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is the genetic material of an organism. It…

Q: What are Short hybridization probes?

A: A probe is a stretch of single stranded ribonucleotides (RNA) or deoxyribonucleotides (DNA). DNA…

Q: What is the Ames test and how is it carried out? What assumption concerning mutagenicity and…

A: Mutagens are chemical compounds that cause changes in the DNA. These changes are irreversible and…

Q: How would you modify the Ames test to evaluate physical mutagens?Would it be necessary to add the…

A: Physical mutagens involve the radiation like ultraviolet rays, X rays, gamma rays and alpha and beta…

Q: What key molecules are essential for Sanger sequencing?

A: DNA sequencing is used to determine the exact arrangement of the nucleotide bases adenine (A),…

Q: What is the significance of digesting the 16S rRNA product in 16s gene sequencing?

A: The 16S rRNA is a structural component of the 30S ribosomal subunit of  bacteria and archea.

Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.