Discuss the relations between: the entropy (particularly of the universe), the standard Gibbs' free energy change, the spontaneity, the equilibrium constant, and the equilibrium position for or associated with a process.

Q: Determine the standard state entropy, standard state enthalpy, and standard state Gibbs potential of…

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Q: If the entropy of the system increases during a reversible process, the entropy change of the…

A: The entropy change of the system depends upon the randomness. As the randomness of the system…

Q: Determine the entropy change for the combustion of liquid ethanol, C2H5OH, under standard state…

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Q: (a) What is the maximum electrical work obtainable from the reaction | 0,(g) + H,(g) = H,O(1) %3D…

A: In a reversible reaction, very less amount of heat is lost and thus such reactions are highly…

Q: The entropy of a reaction is 360 J/mol K and the enthalpy of a reaction is 847 kJ/mol. Calculate the…

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Q: Using data from enthalpies and free energy of standard formation that we attach below, a) determine…

A: (a) The standard thermodynamic data for the given reactants and products at given temperature is,…

Q: (a) Which of the following corresponds to additional non-expansion work?     Entropy…

A: a) the maximum non-expansion work at constant temperature and pressure is

Q: AS ΔΗ- ΔΗ: ↑

A: Entropy is the term defined as irregularities of the atoms if the irregularities increase then the…

Q: Restate the first and second law of thermodynamics.

A: Thermodynamics is the branch of physical science that gives the relation between heat, energy,…

Q: 9. A chemical reaction under standard state has the enthalpy of reaction: A,H° = +117 kJ and the…

A: B) The reaction is entropy driven.

Q: Discuss the Free Energy under Nonstandard Conditions?

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Q: Describe how entropy and enthalpy combine for the overall determination of spontaneity. What values…

A: The Gibbs equation, shown in equation (1) where ΔH is the enthalpy change, ΔS is the entropy change,…

Q: starting from the definition of Gibbs Free Energy, the 1st law of thermodynamics, the 2nd law of…

A: To derive the criteria for spontaneity for Gibbs free energy.

Q: The vaporization of a liquid at a certain temperature and pressure is spontaneous. For this process,…

A: As the vaporization of a liquid at a certain temperature and pressure is given as a spontaneous…

Q: How can a system or chemical reaction have a negative entropy change and be spontaneous?

A: Chemical reaction:

Q: What is the significance of entropy being a state function?

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Q: Which of the following thermodynamic functions can be measured absolutely? A. Internal Energy B.…

A: Given : We have to tell which of the following can be measured absolutely.

Q: Under what circumstances does entropy of a system decrease for a spontaneous process

A: For any  spontaneous process, the value of Gibbs free energy change i.e ΔG should be -ve And since…

Q: Define Gibbs energy.

A: Thermodynamics is the study of effects of work, heat and energy on a system. It basically tells how…

Q: When is Gibbs free energy negative? If is it spontaneous or non-spotaneous?

A: Gibbs free energy change is a thermodynamic parameter, which is associated with the enthalpy and…

Q: Determine the entropy change for the combustion of gaseous propane, C3H8, under standard state…

A: Thermodynamics is the branch of chemistry which deals with the study of heat and other forms of…

Q: For a certain chemical reaction, the standard Gibbs free energy of reaction is -104. kJ. Calculate…

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Q: What thermodynamic quantity is used to determine whether a chemical reaction will proceed…

A: In the thermodynamic system we can determine which reaction is spontaneously or which reaction is…

Q: When temperature increases from 15.0 °C to + 15.0 °C, the thermodynamic equilibrium constant for the…

A: The solution is as follows :

Q: Calculate the gibbs free energy for the complete combustion of lactic acid at 400K

A: given Calculate the gibbs free energy for the complete combustion of lactic acid at 400K

Q: Determine the entropy change for the combustion of gaseous propane, C3Hg, under the standard…

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Q: Calculate the change in entropy of 1 mol of nitrogen if it is heated from 300 K to 1000 K at a…

A: Moles of nitrogen = 1 mole T1 = 300 K T2 = 1000 K P = 1 atm

Q: Calculate the standard change in Gibbs free energy, AG, for the given reaction at 25.0 °C. Consult…

A: Solution

Q: What equation should be used to calculate the standard change in entropy for a chemical reaction?…

A: The equation should be used to calculate the standard change in entropy for a chemical reaction has…

Q: Under what circumstance can the entropy of a system decrease for a spontaneous process

A: The entropy tells the randomness present in the system due to its disorderness created in the system…

Q: Use a Table of Thermodynamic Data to calculate the standard molar entropy change for a) the…

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Q: Determine the entropy change for the combustion of gaseous propane, C3H8, under the standard…

A: Entropy refers to measure of disorder and randomness. For a reaction, standard entropy change of…

Q: What is Gibbs free energy, and what is ΔG for a reaction, and what does it mean if ΔG is positive,…

A: Gibbs free energy : It is defined as the maximum reversible non-PV work that can be obtained from…

Q: 2.1. For the isothermal expansion of a gas into a vacuum, (a) Is this a spontaneous process? (b)…

A: a. During this constant temperature or isothermal, expansion into a vacuum, the gas does no work (w…

Q: When temperature increases from – 15.0 °C to + 15.0 °C, the thermodynamic equilibrium constant for…

A: We from the known formula, we can substitute the ratio of the equilibrium constants at T1 and T2…

Q: Does the entropy of the surroundings increase for spontaneous processes?

A: The entropy is a measure of randomness of a system. In a spontaneous process, the entropy of the…

Q: For which of the processes does the entropy of the system increase?

A: The disorderness or randomness present in a molecule is termed as its entropy.

Q: Explain why changes in both enthalpy and entropy determine the spontaneity of a process.

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Q: Describe Gibbs' free energy and give an example of a spontaneous process.

A: The process which occur by itself without any external energy is known as spontaneous process.

Q: Under what circumstance can the enthalpy of a system decrease for a spontaneous process?

A: Entropy measures the degree of randomness in the system. When a substance changes its phase solid to…

Q: If Gibbs free energy (at standard conditions) of a reaction is -22.8 kj/mol, what is the equilibrium…

A: Given information:Gibb’s free energy for a reaction = 22.8 kJ/molStandard temperature = 25◦ C…

Q: Paraphrase the first and second laws of thermodynamics

A: To define: First and second law of thermodynamics.

Q: To reach thermodynamic equilibrium under certain constraints, some state functions need to be…

A: Thermodynamic  - what is the branch of science which deals with the study of relation between  heat…

Q: Explain which reaction is non-spontaneous and justify your answer in terms of change in enthalpy and…

A: Given : reaction