Classes Of Functional Groups
Organic Chemistry deals mostly with carbon and hydrogens, also called hydrocarbons, but those groups which replace hydrogen and bonds with carbon to give a characteristic nature, unique of their own, to the hydrocarbon they are attached to, are called functional groups. All the compounds belonging to a functional group undergo reactions in a similar pattern and are known to have similar physical and chemical properties.
Characteristics Of Functional Groups
In organic chemistry, we encounter a number of special substituent groups which are attached to the hydrocarbon backbone. These groups impart certain characteristics to the molecule of which it is a part of and thus, become the highlight of that particular molecule.
IUPAC Nomenclature
In Chemistry, IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry which suggested a systematic naming approach for the organic and inorganic compounds, as in the beginning stage of nomenclature one single chemical compound was named in many ways by which lead to confusion. The need for this approach aroused as the number of chemical compounds newly discovered were increasing (approximately 32 million compounds) and the basic concept of nomenclature i.e. the trivial nomenclature and the derived system of nomenclature failed to overcome the challenge. It is an important task to name a chemical compound systematically and unambiguously which reduces lots of confusion about the newly reported compounds.
Draw the structure of each compound.
potassium cyclopentadienid
All chemical compounds can be named with certain rules which are purposed by IUPAC. It purposed to name all know organic and inorganic chemical compounds with the help of certain rules.
The IUPAC rules can be summarized as given below;
- Assign the longest carbon chain as parent chain.
- Assign the numbering to all carbon atoms in such a way that the bonded side chains and functional group get least possible number.
- The alkyl groups and some functional groups like halogen, nitro always comes as prefix.
- The root name represents the number of carbon atoms in the parent chain of the molecule.
- The root name must be followed by suffix.
- Primary suffix indicates the single, double and triple bond in the molecule. Hence they can be –ane, -ene and –yne.
Step by step
Solved in 4 steps with 2 images
