During one of the field case-control study of smoking and lung ca istorically important study published compared the smoking histories of group of people cas lung cancer to group of people controls without cancer. Data on average use of tobacco dur past 20 years where classes-Number of cigarettes per day, F Number of people with lung G-Number of people without lung cancer, was classified as follows: Non-smoker Moderately Heavy smoker smoker or Light 0-4 5-9 10-14 10 60 97 147 Find the following static for number of cigarettes per day: Distribution\Smokers classes F G , Median of each of F and G. of each of F and G SC 12 82 15-19 20-24 71 83 274 60 Mode of each of F and G. Excessive smoker 25-29 91 50 Chain s 30-34 101 40 Percentile 50 core of first class of G.
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- A group of students in Methods of Social Research wanted to study the relationship between GPA and participation in athletics among ENC traditional undergraduates. Other researchers have found that students involved in Division III athletics often have higher GPAs than the rest of the student body, so the group of students in Methods wanted to know whether this was true for ENC students. They were able to gather data on 160 ENC students (80 athletes and 80 non-athletes) and found that, among this group, the 80 athletes had slightly higher GPAs on average than the 80 students who were not athletes. In this study, who makes up the sample? Who makes up the population? Suppose they found in the sample data that the overall GPA for ENC athletes was 3.35 and for the ENC non-athletes was 3.21. Are these statistics or parameters?In a recent study, investigators were interested in examining the association between blood glucose concentration at hospital admission and mortality in the hospital among patients with Sepsis in 3 Ugandan hospitals. Patients were followed from admission to the hospital until the end of the study. The study population included 418 admitted adult patients. Among the 280 patients with hyperglycemia (defined as a glucose concentration of >6.1 mmol/L), 80 died within the hospital from severe sepsis. Among the 138 patients with hypoglycemia (defined as a glucose concentration of <4.4 mmol/L), 30 died within the hospital from severe sepsis. Assume there is minimal loss to follow-up and no competing risks. What study design is described above? Prospective open cohort study Prospective closed cohort study Retrospective open cohort study Retrospective closed cohort study Case control studyIn a recent study, investigators were interested in examining the association between blood glucose concentration at hospital admission and mortality in the hospital among patients with Sepsis in 3 Ugandan hospitals. Patients were followed from admission to the hospital until the end of the study. The study population included 418 admitted adult patients. Among the 280 patients with hyperglycemia (defined as a glucose concentration of >6.1 mmol/L), 80 died within the hospital from severe sepsis. Among the 138 patients with hypoglycemia (defined as a glucose concentration of <4.4 mmol/L), 30 died within the hospital from severe sepsis. Assume there is minimal loss to follow-up and no competing risks. a.Fill out a 2 x 2 table based on the description provided above. Label your exposure and outcome, and provide respective totals based on the study design.
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- A researcher is studying the effects of yoga on depression. Participants are randomly assigned to one of two groups: yoga and medication (experimental group); or support group and medication (control group). In this study, the researcher first administers a questionnaire measuring depression to all participants. Then they implement two programs simultaneously: a 6-week yoga program coupled with medication management and a 6-week support group program coupled with medication management. At the end of the 6 weeks, participants complete another questionnaire measuring depression. Finding the change scores from the beginning to end, the researcher then compares the mean change score of the experimental group with the mean change score of the control group. A) What are the independent and dependent variables in this scenario? B) What statistical test would be most appropriate to use in this study? Why? C) Once you have calculated the statistics, how do you know whether the results of the…In a study of the relationship between TV viewing and eating habits, a sample of 548 ethnically diverse students from Massachusetts was followed over a 19-month period.† For each additional hour of television viewed per day, the number of fruit and vegetable servings per day was found to decrease on average by 0.14 servings. (a) For this study, what is the response variable? location of studentsnumber of fruit and vegetable servings per day number of non fruit or vegetable servings per daynumber of hours of television viewed per dayyear What is the explanatory (predictor) variable? location of studentsnumber of fruit and vegetable servings per day number of non fruit or vegetable servings per daynumber of hours of television viewed per dayyear (b) Would the least squares regression line for predicting number of servings of fruits and vegetables using number of hours spent watching TV have a positive or negative slope? Justify your choice. The slope of the least squares…A researcher is trying to determine whether exposure to solvents is associated with the risk of liver cancer. From a cohort study of industrial workers, they found that three persons who worked with solvents developed liver cancer and 104 did not. Two cases of liver cancer occurred among non-exposed workers in the same type of industry. The remaining 601 non-exposed workers did not develop liver cancer. Calculate the relative risk.