A) What are the independent and dependent variables in this scenario? B) What statistical test would be most appropriate to use in this study? Why? C) Once you have calculated the statistics, how do you know whether the results of the statistical test are significant?
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A researcher is studying the effects of yoga on depression. Participants are randomly assigned to one of two groups: yoga and medication (experimental group); or support group and medication (control group).
In this study, the researcher first administers a questionnaire measuring depression to all participants. Then they implement two programs simultaneously: a 6-week yoga program coupled with medication management and a 6-week support group program coupled with medication management. At the end of the 6 weeks, participants complete another questionnaire measuring depression. Finding the change scores from the beginning to end, the researcher then compares the mean change score of the experimental group with the mean change score of the control group.
A) What are the independent and dependent variables in this scenario?
B) What statistical test would be most appropriate to use in this study? Why?
C) Once you have calculated the statistics, how do you know whether the results of the statistical test are significant?
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- Researchers investigated whether elementary school students from families in need would choose healthier lunch options if offered. A random sample of students receiving free-and-reduced lunch at five different Connecticut elementary schools were offered a choice between 2 lunch options. One was a typical school lunch prepared off and warmed on campus, while the other was a healthier school lunch made on campus from a variety of fruits, vegetables, and lean protein. For each child, researchers kept track of whether or not the child selected the healthier option. The research question was whether of not the healthier option would be selected less than the typical school lunch. More specifically, we will investigate whether the sample data provide strong evidence that the heather lunch is picked less than 50% of the time? The researchers found in their sample of 294 students that 134 picked the healthier option. The value of the sample proportion who selected the candy is therefore…A hypothetical study looks at the effect of drinking alcohol on health. Across all genders and age groups, people who do not drink tend to be healthier on average than people who do drink. However, people who drink regularly are on average healthier than those people who have recently stopped drinking. Is it reasonable to conclude that for the sake of health, we should not start drinking, but if we have already started drinking alcohol, it is healthier to continue and not to stop?A study claims that the combination of vitamin C with vitamin E is more effective for preventing the flu than vitamin C alone. In the study, a group of researchers studied 1132 subjects. The subjects were randomly assigned to out of three study groups. The first group of 310 subjects were instructed to take 600 mg daily of vitamin C. The second group of 418 subjects were instructed to take 600 mg of vitamin C and 200 IU of vitamin E daily. The third group of 404 subjects were instructed to take 600 mg of vitamin C and 400 IU of vitamin E daily. The incidence of flu over a season was recorded. All subjects knew which treatment they were receiving.This study is double-blind not an experiment blind, but not double-blind not blind. none of the above
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- For 25 years, Arthur Reynolds and Judy Temple tracked more than 1,400 children who participated in a publicly funded early childhood development program beginning at age 3. They found that children who participated in the program showed higher levels of educational attainment, socioeconomic status, and job skills, as well as lower rates of substance abuse, felony arrest, and incarceration, than those who did not receive school-based early education. One possible theory for the success of this program is that improving school readiness improved the children's success in school. The improved success in school in turn improved their readiness for adulthood, resulting in increased job skills and socioeconomic status as well as lower rates of substance abuse.For 25 years, Arthur Reynolds and Judy Temple tracked more than 1,400 children who participated in a publicly funded early childhood development program beginning at age 3. They found that children who participated in the program showed higher levels of educational attainment, socioeconomic status, and job skills, as well as lower rates of substance abuse, felony arrest, and incarceration, than those who did not receive school-based early education. One possible theory for the success of this program is that improving school readiness improved the children's success in school. The improved success in school in turn improved their readiness for adulthood, resulting in increased job skills and socioeconomic status as well as lower rates of substance abuse. What is the independent and dependent variable?The Diabetes Control and Complications trial research group, randomly assigned volunteers with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, but without retinopathy, either to a conventional treatment or to a more intensive treatment aimed at maintaining normal blood glucose levels. The volunteers' health was monitored closely for approximately six years. By the end of the study, 91 patients out of 378 in the conventional treatment group had developed retinopathy, whereas 23 out of 348 in the intensive treatment group had developed retinopathy. Test whether the rates of retinopathy differed significantly between the two treatment groups, if they did, which rate was significantly lower. 1. Provide the null hypothesis 2. Provide the alternative hypotheses 3. calculate the appropriate test statistic. Show all work 4. Identify the p-value for that test statistic 5. Using the p-value method and an alpha level of 0.02 state what your conclusions are regarding the null hypothesis, and…