Dynamic instability causes microtubules either to grow or to shrink rapidly. Consider an individual microtubule (MT) that is in its shrinking phase. What would happen if only GTPgammas, but no GTP, were present in the solution? The MT would stop shrinking but neither shrink nor grow further O The MT would shrink further but exhibit dynamic instability The MT would exhibit normal dynamic instability with unpredictable growth O The MT would stop shrinking, and start growing continuously without collapse • The MT will continue shrinking and cannot grow again O The MT would stop shrinking, and grow with dynamic instability behavior

Dynamic instability causes microtubules either to grow or to shrink rapidly. Consider an individual microtubule (MT) that is in its shrinking phase. What would happen if only GTPgammas, but no GTP, were present in the solution? The MT would stop shrinking but neither shrink nor grow further O The MT would shrink further but exhibit dynamic instability The MT would exhibit normal dynamic instability with unpredictable growth O The MT would stop shrinking, and start growing continuously without collapse • The MT will continue shrinking and cannot grow again O The MT would stop shrinking, and grow with dynamic instability behavior

BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+APPL.(LOOSELEAF)

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305967359

Author:STARR

Publisher:STARR

Chapter11: How Cells Reproduce

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 14SA: Match each term with its best description. ___ cell plate a. lump of cells ___ spindle b. made of...

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Dynamic instability causes microtubules either to grow or to shrink rapidly. Consider an individual microtubule that is in its shrinking phase. What would happen if only GDP, but no GTP, were present in the solution.
Microtubules in a cell exhibit dyanimc instability at which end? positive end negative end both positive and negative ends neither the positive nor the negative ends 2. The effect of MAP2 on microtubules is similar to the effect of CapZ on microfilaments how? both stabilize the positive end of the filament both bundle the filaments in parallel bundles both increase the instability of the negative end of the filament both nucleate the formation of the filaments 3. Select all of the statements below that are true of tubulin and microtubules negative ends of microtubules end with alpha-tubulin sticking out monomers in which GTP is bound to beta-tubulin encourage the growth of the filament hydrolysis of GTP by the beta subunit stabilizes the filament all of the tubulin subunits in a microtubule are bound to GDP
FtsZ proteins direct the formation of a ___________ that will eventually form the new cell walls of the daughter cells. contractile ring cell plate cytoskeletom septum
A useful technique for studying microtubule motors is to attach them by their tails to a glass coverslip (which can be accomplished quite easily because the tails stick avidly to a clean glass surface) and then allow them to settle. The microtubules may then be viewed in a light microscope as they are propelled over the surface of the coverslip by the heads of the motor proteins. Because the motor proteins attach at random orientations to the coverslip, however, how can they generate coordinated movement of individual microtubules rather than engaging in a tug-of-war? In which direction will microtubules crawl on a ‘bed’ of kinesin molecules (i.e., will they move plus-end first, or minus-end first)?
50. Cell motility involves the coordination of many events in the cell. In cells lacking flagella/cilia, which of the following are NOT required for cell motility? a) extension of actin filaments b) transmembrane proteins associating with extracellular matrix proteins in the underlying surface c) myosin-mediated contraction at the rear of the moving cell d) formation of a microtubule array in the leading edge of the cell e) formation of plasma membrane extensions such as pseudopodia or filopodia
Cell motility has been described as being like the motion of tank treads. At the leading edge, actin filaments form rapidly into bundles and networks that make protrusions and move the cell forward. At the rear, cell adhesions are broken and the tail end of the cell is brought forward. What provides the traction for moving cells? How does cell-body translocation happen? How are cell adhesions released as cells move forward?
A solution of pure αβ-tubulin dimers is thought tonucleate microtubules by forming a linear protofilamentabout seven dimers in length. At that point, the probabili-ties that the next αβ-dimer will bind laterally or to the endof the protofilament are about equal. The critical eventfor microtubule formation is thought to be the first lateralassociation (Figure Q16–2). How does lateral associationpromote the subsequent rapid formation of a microtu-bule?
Microtubules both in vitro and in vivo undergo dynamic instability, and this type of assembly is thought to be intrinsic to the microtubule. What is the current model that accounts for dynamic instability?
What's the purpose of subjecting the cell homogenate to a series of centrifugation at a sequentially higher gravitational force?
1)You add a drug to cells that can pass through hydrophilic or hydrobic environments (e.g., membranes & cytosol). The drug specifically prevents the binding of KDEL (ER retention signal) to any other molecules. In the short term, what would happen to the synthesis and localization of translocon proteins? a. New complete translocon proteins would be made, but they would end up in the golgi apparatus. b. New complete translocon proteins would be made, but they would end up at the plasma membrane c. No new intact translocon proteins would be synthesized d. New complete translocon proteins would be made, but they would be secreted e. New complete translocon proteins would be made and localized normally
At 1.4 mg/mL pure tubulin, microtubules grow ata rate of about 2 μm/min. At this growth rate, how manyαβ-tubulin dimers (8 nm in length) are added to the endsof a microtubule each second?
20.In the picture, the Elodea (an aquatic plant)'s cells are labeled A. In the picture labeled B, the same cells are shown after a salt water solution is added. what organelles can one see in the cells shown in these pictures (they are green)? what changed about the position of these organelles from A to B? (describe what you see) why did this change occur? Include how water moved and why in answer, as well as any of the following words that are relevant: isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic.