e. Did the study involve random assignment to either receive an incentive or not? If yes, what is the advantage? If no, what is the disadvantage? f. An appropriate analysis of the data shows there is evi- dence that people receiving an incentive are more likely to respond to the telephone survey compared to those receiving no incentive. Is it appropriate to conclude that incentives improve response rates? Why or why not? Explain your reasoning.
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- Do well-rounded people get fewer colds? A study on the Chronicle of Higher Education was conducted by scientist at Carnegie Mellon University, the University of Pittsburgh and the University of Virginia. They found that people who have only a few social outlets get more colds than those who are involved in a variety of social activities. Suppose that of the 276 healthy men and women tested, n1=96 had only a few social outlets and n2=105 were busy with six or more activities. When these people were exposed to a cold virus, the following results were observed: Construct a 99% confidence interval for the difference in the two population proportions.A sample of men and women who had passed their driver's test either the first time or the second time were surveyed, with the following results: Results of the driving testGender First time Second timeMen 126 211Women 135 178a) Do these data suggest that there is a relationship between gender and the passing of their driver’s test from which the present sample was drawn? Let alpha=.05In 2010, Seery, Holman, & Silver found that individuals with some history of adversity report better mental health and well-being compared to people with little to no history of adversity. In an attempt to examine this phenomenon, a researcher surveys a group of college students to determine the negative life events they experienced in the last 5 years and their current feeling of well-being. Participants: With 5-10 negative experiences With 2 or fewer negative experiences n=7 n=7 Well-being score of M=48 Well-being score of M=41 SS=325 SS=347 1. State the hypotheses both experimental and statistical 2. Do the results indicate significantly different reports of Well-being? Use a two-tailed test with a=.05. Please show work and state your decision regarding the H0. 3. Compute the estimated Cohen's d to measure the size of the effect. State…
- In a study that compared average time taken by a men and women to do a certain job, a random sample of 13 men and 13 women at a large industrial complex was taken and the following results were obtained. Men Women ?̅ = 54 ??????? ?̅ = 42 ??????? ? = 6 ??????? ? = 8 ??????? Can we conclude that at 0.01 level that women do the job on average 10 minutes earlier than men? Assume the populations to be normally distributed with equal variances.Suppose a research study uses two independent groups with 21 individuals in each group. If a t-test analysis produces a calculated value of t of 1.68, which of the following is the correct decision?A. At the .05 level of significance, reject the null hypothesisB. At the .01 level of significance, reject the null hypothesisC. At the .05 level of significance, fail to reject the null hypothesisD. Impossible to answer without additional informationWhen you get a surprisingiy trow price on a product do you assume that you got a really good deal or thatyou bought a trow-quality product? Research indi-cates that you are rtore likely to associate low price and low quailty if someone else makes the purchase rather than yourself (Yan & Sengupta, 201 I). In a similar study, n : 15 participants were asked to rate the quality of low-priced items under two scenarios: purchased by a friend or purchased yourself. The results produced a mean difference of M: 2.6 and SS : 135, with self-purchases rated higher. a. Is the judged quality of objects significantly different for self-purchases than for purchases made by others? Use a two-tailed test with a: .05.
- A study was conducted to explore workplace bullying in a community NHS trust. Staff were asked about whether workplace bullying had affected their working environment (Quine L, BMJ 1999; 318: 228-229). Those who had been bullied had lower levels of job satisfaction (mean 10.5 [SD 2.7] vs 12.2 [2.3], P<0.001) and higher levels of job-induced stress (mean 22.5 [SD 6.1] v 16.9 [5.8], P<0.001) than those who had not been bullied. Based on the above info, Select which of the following statement(s) you believe to be true You CAN SELECT MORE THAN 1. a. The P value for the comparison of job-induced stress was less than 0.001. This means that we cannot reject the null hypothesis at the 5% level of significance. b. P < 0.001 means that there is a less than 1 in 1000 chance that we would have obtained these results, or more extreme results, if the alternative hypothesis was true. c. There is a significant difference in the levels of job satisfaction between…At any age, about 20% of American adults participate in physical conditioning activities at least twice a week. However, these activities change as people get older, and occasionally participants cease to be older as they age. In a local survey of n = 100 adults over 40 years of age, a total of 15 people indicated that they participated in these activities at least twice a week. Does this data indicate that the percentage of participation for adults over 40 years of age is considerably less than the 20% figure? Find the p-value and use it to draw the appropriate conclusions.Weinstein, McDermott, and Roediger (2010) report that students who were given questions to be answered while studying new material had better scores when tested on the material compared to students who were simply given an opportunity to reread the material. In a similar study, a group of students from a large psychology class were given questions to be answered while studying for the final exam. The overall average for the exam was m = 73.4 but the n = 16 students who answered questions had a mean of M =78.3 with a standard deviation of s = 8.4. Use a two-tailed test with a = .01 to determine whether answering ques- tions while studying produced significantly higher exam scores.
- A study conducted in a certain period of time found that fewer than half of employers who hired new college graduates last academic year plan to definitely do so again. Suppose that the hiring intentions of the respondents were as follows: 32% selected Hire 29% selected Likely to Hire 21% selected Hire Uncertain 18% selected Do Not Hire Six month later, a random sample of 100 employers were asked about their hiring intentions and gave the following responses: 29 selected Hire 35 selected Likely to Hire 14 selected Hire Uncertain 22 selected Do Not Hire At 1% significance level, does it mean that proportions from the initial study have significantly changed? Use Goodness-of-Fit test and χ2χ2 distribution. For part (a), round your answers in the " (O−E)2E(O-E)2E" column to 3 decimal places. (a) Fill in the table below. Hiring Intention Observed Frequency OO Expected Frequency EE O−EO-E (O−E)2(O-E)2 (O−E)2E(O-E)2E Hire 29 Likely to Hire 35 Hire…Suppose a research study uses two independent groups with 31 participants in each group. If a t-test analysis produces a calculated value of t of 2.22, which of the following is the correct decision? A. At the .05 level of significance, reject the null hypothesisB. At the .05 level of significance, fail to reject the null hypothesisC. At the .01 level of significance, reject the null hypothesisD. Impossible to answer without additional informationA researcher conducts a study measuring 15 children before and after they attend a math intervention program to increase standardized math scores. The researcher obtains a t statistic of 2.98. For a two-tailed alternative hypothesis, which of the following is the correct way to present this analysis?