If we found that one manufacturer of televisions constantly was the first to announce any change in pricing, and that the other manufacturers consistently matched whatever the first one did, we might be seeing an example of: Multiple Choice monopolistic competition a cartel price leadership barriers to entry
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- There are two firms A and B. Firms compete in a Cournot Duopoly in Karhide. They set quantities qA and qB. Inverse demand isP(qA +qB) = 18−qA −qB and costs are C(q) = 3∗q for both firms. Firm B is a domestic firm (in Karhide,) and firm A is a foreign firm (from Orgoreyn.) The government of Karhide engages in a strategic trade intervention by giving firm B a per unit subsidy of s. (That is, when firm B produces and sells qB units, firm B receives a payment of s ∗ qB from the government.) We begin by examining the model with an unspecified s ≥ 0. A)Find profit functions for both firms. B)Use first order conditions to find each firm’s best response function.Two firms compete in selling identical widgets. They choose their output levels Q1 and Q2 simultaneously and face the demand curve P = 30 - Q where Q = Q1 + Q2. Until recently, both firms had zero marginal costs. Recent environmental regulations have increased Firm 2’s marginal cost to $15. Firm 1’s marginal cost remains constant at zero. TRUE-FALSE: Is the following statement true of false? ”As a result, the market price will rise to the monopoly level.” Solve for the Cournot equilibrium and write a convincing explanation of your answer.Suppose two brothers own identical skydiving companies but have decided to experiment with different pricing structures. The older brother’s company, Air Adventures, charges everyone the same price, while the younger brother’s company, Sky Warriors, sets its prices using a twotiered, price-discrimination model. Assuming that both companies face the same market demand curves, marginal costs, and costs of production, and wield significant market power for their service area, which of the following is most likely to occur? a. Air Adventures will generate a similar net revenue to Sky Warriors. b. Sky Warriors will generate a higher net revenue than Air Adventures. c. Sky Warriors will generate a lower net revenue than Air Adventures. d. Air Adventures will generate a higher net revenue than Sky Warriors. e. Sky Warriors will eventually switch to the Air Adventures model.
- Boulder has several ski and snowboard retailers that sell similar brands. Prices across these retails are relatively stable during preseason (ski/snowboard season) and midseason, but become volatile postseason. For the past few years, when one retailer slashed prices (especially postseason), other retailers followed suit. All retailers behave as oligopolists. Suppose that retailer A faces an inverse demand of p = 1,500 – 1.5Q, when the other retailers match retailer A’s price changes, and p=1200 – 0.7Q, when the other retailers don't match retailer A’s price changes. Suppose also that retailer A's cost function is C(Q) = 20,000 + 10Q + 0.8Q2. Question: Under these conditions, what is the most profit retailer A can make?There are two firms A and B. Firms compete in a Cournot Duopoly in Karhide. They set quantities qA and qB. Inverse demand is P(qA + qB) = 18 − qA − qB and costs are C(q) = 3 ∗ q for both firms. Firm B is a domestic firm (in Karhide,) and firm A is a foreign firm (from Orgoreyn.) The government of Karhide engages in a strategic trade intervention by giving firm B a per unit subsidy of s. (That is, when firm B produces and sells qB units, firm B receives a payment of s ∗ qB from the government.) (d) Solve for the equilibrium outputs (q∗A, q∗b).(e) Solve for the equilibrium price.(f) Solve for firm B profits.Joe and Rebecca are small-town ready-mix concrete duopolists. The market demand function is Qd = 10,000 – 100P, where P is the price of a cubic yard of concrete and Qd is the number of cubic yards demanded per year. Marginal cost is $25 per cubic yard. Suppose that Joe and Rebecca compete in quantities and competition in this market is described by Cournot model. What are Joe and Rebecca’s Nash equilibrium outputs? What is the resulting price? What do they each earn as profit? How does the price compare to the marginal cost? Joe and Rebecca are small-town ready-mix concrete duopolists. The market demand function is Qd = 10,000 – 100P, where P is the price of a cubic yard of concrete and Qd is the number of cubic yards demanded per year. Marginal cost is $25 per cubic yard. Suppose that Joe and Rebecca compete in quantities and competition in this market is described by Cournot model. What are Joe and Rebecca’s Nash equilibrium outputs? What is the resulting price? What do they each…
- Suppose that two duopolists (firm A and Firm B) produce identical products. The firms face the following market demand curve P=1250-Q Where Q = Total output in the duopoly market Qa= Firm A’s output Qb = Firm B’s output P = Price in the duopoly market Firm A and Firm B make output decisions sequentially. Firm A is the leading firm that makes the first move, and firm B is the following firm. Firm A rationally anticipates the output reaction of Firm B, as Firm A has the prior knowledge of Firm B’s output-reaction curve, which is Qb = 600-0.5Qa It is assumed that firm B always acts in the same manner. Both firms have constant marginal costs (MC) of production where MCa=MCb=$50. Fixed Costs are nil because expenses have already been fully amortised In this duopoly market, equilibrium level of output is __________, and equilibrium level of price is ___________Two firms produce a homogeneous good and compete in price. Prices can only take integer values. The demand curve is Q = 6 p, where p denotes the lower of the two prices. The lower - priced firm meets all the market demand. If the two firms post the same price p, each one gets half the market demand at that price, i. e., each gets (6p)/2. Production cost is zero.a) Show that the best response to your rival posting a price of 6 is to post the monopoly price of 3. What is the best response against a rival's price of 4? of 5?Gamma and Zeta are the only two widget manufacturers in the world. Each firm has a cost function given by: C(q) = 10+20q + q^2, where q is number of widgets produced. The market demand for widgets is represented by the inverse demand equation: P = 200 - 2Q where Q = q1 + q2 is total output. Suppose that each firm maximizes its profits taking its rival's output as given (i.e. the firms behave as Cournot oligopolists). a) What will be the equilibrium quantity selected by each firm? What is the market price? What is the profit level for each firm? Equilibrium quantity for each firm__ price__ profit__ b) It occurs to the managers of Gamma and Zeta that they could do a lot better by colluding. If the two firms were to collude in a symmetric equilibrium, what would be the profit-maximizing choice of output for each firm? What is the industry price? What is the profit for each firm in this case? Equilibrium quantity for each firm__ price__ profit__ c) What minimum discount factor is required…
- Suppose two firms engage in simultaneous quantity competition. Both firms have 0marginal cost. Firm A : P(Q)= 24-Q Firm B: P(Q)= 24-2Q a) Find the Nash Equilibrium quantities q^NE and profits.(b) Find the Monopoly Quantity QM and Profit.(c) Now suppose the game is repeated infinitely and each firm has a common discountfactor δ. Find the required discount factor to sustain the following grim triggerstrategy as a SPNE: Play Q^M /2 if this has been played in every previous period,otherwise play q^NE.Suppose that two Japanese companies, Hitachi and Toshiba, are the sole producers (i.e., duopolists) of a microprocessor chip used in a number of different brands of personal computers. Assume that total demand for the chips is fixed and that each firm charges the same price for the chips. Each firm’s market share and profits are a function of the magnitude of the promotional campaign used to promote its version of the chip. Also assume that only two strategies are available to each firm: a limited promotional campaign (budget) and an extensive promotional campaign (budget). If the two firms engage in a limited promotional campaign, each firm will earn a quarterly profit of $14 million. If the two firms undertake an extensive promotional campaign, each firm will earn a quarterly profit of $11 million. With this strategy combination, market share and total sales will be the same as for a limited promotional campaign, but promotional costs will be higher and hence profits will be lower.…To examine the effects of a subsidy, consider the large passenger jetliners market with two firms that sell identical products, Firm 1 and Firm 2. Without any subsidy, both firms will have the same cost functions of C(q) = 40q and MC = 40. The market demand is P = 100 – Q. NEED CALCULATION HELP PLEASE!!! Solve for the Cournot equilibrium price, quantities, and profits for each firm given the same MC= 40. Compare the deadweight loss in a monopoly, a Cournot duopoly, and a Bertrand duopoly if both firms have the same marginal cost of 40. How would this market change if Firm 2 receives a subsidy lowering the marginal cost to 25 and Firm 1's marginal cost remains at 40. Calculate new market equilibrium quantity, price, and profits for each firm. Calculate the change in welfare after the subsidy. In this case welfare is defined as the Firm 2’s profit minus the subsidy. Who gains from the subsidy? Explain