Ethylene glycol (HOCH2CH2OH), the major substance inantifreeze, has a normal boiling point of 198 °C. Bycomparison, ethyl alcohol (CH3CH2OH) boils at 78 °Cat atmospheric pressure. Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether(CH3OCH2CH2OCH3) has a normal boiling point of 83 °C, and ethyl methyl ether (CH3CH2OCH3) has a normalboiling point of 11 °C. (a) Explain why replacement of ahydrogen on the oxygen by a CH3 group generally resultsin a lower boiling point. (b) What are the major factorsresponsible for the difference in boiling points of the twoethers?
States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
Ethylene glycol (HOCH2CH2OH), the major substance in
antifreeze, has a normal boiling point of 198 °C. By
comparison, ethyl alcohol (CH3CH2OH) boils at 78 °C
at atmospheric pressure. Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether
(CH3OCH2CH2OCH3) has a normal boiling point of 83 °C, and ethyl methyl ether (CH3CH2OCH3) has a normal
boiling point of 11 °C. (a) Explain why replacement of a
hydrogen on the oxygen by a CH3 group generally results
in a lower boiling point. (b) What are the major factors
responsible for the difference in boiling points of the two
ethers?
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